Anatomy and Histology of Roots and Root-Soil Boundary

Neergaard, Eigil de; Lyshede, Ole B.; Gahoonia, Tara Singh; Care, D. A.; Hooker, J. E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04188-8_2

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Root segments were then dehydrated in an ethanol series and embedded in paraffin. Finally, sections of 8 μm thick were prepared for analysis (de Neergaard et al 2000;Guo et al 2008c). For each root segment, cross sections were selected from root tip to about 500 μm away from the root tip.…”

Section: Root Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking root morphology, longevity and function to root branch order: a case study in three shrubs

Huang

Zhao

et al. 2010

Plant Soil

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Root branching order supports a powerful approach to understanding complex root systems; however, how the pattern of root morphological characteristics, tissue carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, and root lifespan are related to anatomical features of variable root orders for mature shrubs (∼19 years old) in sandy habitats is still unclear. In this study, these relationships were investigated for three typical shrubs in Horqin Sand Land, Northeast China. Root diameter, individual root length, tissue carbon concentration, C:N ratio, root lifespan, root cross-sectional area (CSA), stele CSA, proportion of stele in root CSA, mean xylem vessel CSA and the number of xylem vessels all increased with root order for the three shrubs, while specific root length and nitrogen concentration decreased with root order. The combined root biomass of the first two orders accounted for more than 63% of the firstfourth order root biomass for all the three shrubs. Proportion of stele to root CSA and number of xylem vessels of third-order root segments were significantly higher than that of the first two orders, and third-order roots showed secondary development with a continuous cork layer. All first-order and most second-order roots exhibited primary development, had an intact cortex, a lower proportion of stele to root CSA, and a smaller number of vessels. Our research suggests that the first two order roots of shrubs in sandy habitats are responsible mainly for absorption, and that they play a major role in root turnover and C and N flux in the soil organic matter pool due to their high proportion of biomass and N concentration, as well as their short lifespan.

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Section: Root Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking root morphology, longevity and function to root branch order: a case study in three shrubs

Huang

Zhao

et al. 2010

Plant Soil

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“…A identificação dos espécimes foi feita com base na identificação da planta hospedeira e nas análises das microestruturas dos fungos. Para observação microscópica do material foram montadas lâminas semipermanentes de soros e esporos em solução de lactoglicerol (água destilada + ácido láctico + glicerina) (Neergaard et al 2000), posteriormente aquecidas. As ilustrações das microestruturas foram feitas em fotomicroscópio (MO).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Primeiro registro para o Brasil de Maravalia bolivarensis Y. Ono (Pucciniales) parasitando Manilkara sp. (Sapotaceae)

Furtado

Sotão

Monteiro

et al. 2018

Hoehnea

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-(First record for Brazil of Maravalia bolivarensis Y. Ono (Pucciniales) parasitizing Manilkara sp.(Sapotaceae)). This study presents a taxonomic treatment of the phytopathogenic fungus Maravalia bolivarensis (Pucciniales) causing rust in plants of Manilkara sp. (Sapotaceae), in the Amapá National Forest, Amapá State, Brazil. Previously known only from Venezuela, this is the fi rst record of M. bolivarensis for Brazil, and its original distribution is extended to the Amazon Biome. Morphological descriptions, illustrations of the microstructures, examined material, geographic distribution and taxonomic comments are provided for this species. Additionally, Maravalia sapotae (Mains) Y. Ono was also recorded in the Amapá National Forest and is being referred here for the fi rst time to the state of Amapá. Finally, an identifi cation key including species of the teleomorph genera Achrotelium, Catenulopsora and Maravalia that occur on plants of Sapotaceae in Brazil is presented.

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“…After 6 months (plant height 40 cm), young white roots (<7 days old) and older highly pigmented (brown) roots (>30 days old) were harvested from the plants. Immediately after excision, sub-samples of each root type were placed into polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes and killed by immersion in liquid N 2 (de Neergaard et al 2000). The cell sap was then recovered by the centrifugal-drainage procedure outlined in Hill et al (2008), and the sap analysed for the following properties: total C and N using a Multi N/C 2100S analyser (AnalytikJena, Germany), total free amino acids (TFAA) using the fluorometric o-phthaldialdehyde β-mercaptoethanol procedure of Jones et al (2002), nitrate using the VCl 3 method of Miranda et al (2001), ammonium using the salicylatenitroprusside-hypochlorite procedure of Mulvaney (1996) and total soluble phenolics using the Folin Ciocalteu method of Swain and Hillis (1959).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different ways in which CO2 can be released during the turnover of roots in soil

et al. 2017

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Here, we investigated how root age and mode of death influenced their subsequent turnover and rate of C loss from soil. Young white-coloured and older pigmented roots of Cistus monspeliensis were excised (to simulate death by mechanical severance) or frozen (to simulate death by cell rupture) and immediately buried in soil. CO 2 loss from soil was then measured over time. In a parallel experiment, the rate of CO 2 loss from severed or ruptured roots in the absence of soil was determined. Our results revealed large differences in root chemistry related to age, with young roots having a lower C:N ratio and a greater nutrient content (soluble C, N, P and K). Both root age and mode of death resulted in very different temporal patterns of C release from soil. The amount of C lost from soil followed the series: severed white roots (42.6 ± 3.3 mg C) > ruptured pigmented roots (27.7 ± 0.4 mg C) = ruptured white roots ( 2 7 . 1 ± 0 . 5 m g C ) > s e v e r e d p i g m e n t e d r o o t s (10.1 ± 1.0 mg C) > soil only (3.0 ± 0.2 mg C). Therefore, depending on the treatment, 7 to 41% of the total root-derived C was lost as CO 2 over the duration of the experiment. Comparison with soil-free treatments revealed that the CO 2 release from the severed roots buried in soil was not associated with microbial breakdown but caused by root-induced autophagy in an attempt to keep themselves metabolically active. Ruptured roots also induced a rapid loss of CO 2 which we ascribe to the diffusive loss of root solutes into the soil and subsequent microbial mineralization. Surprisingly, the rate of C loss from soil was greater from the severed root tips than those that were ruptured. Our results imply two distinct routes of C loss dependent on how roots die, one which bypasses the microbial community and one which flows through it.

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Anatomy and Histology of Roots and Root-Soil Boundary

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Linking root morphology, longevity and function to root branch order: a case study in three shrubs

Linking root morphology, longevity and function to root branch order: a case study in three shrubs

Primeiro registro para o Brasil de Maravalia bolivarensis Y. Ono (Pucciniales) parasitando Manilkara sp. (Sapotaceae)

Different ways in which CO2 can be released during the turnover of roots in soil

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