Anatomy and mechanism of distension of the dulaa of the one-humped camel

Arnautovic, I.; Magid, A. M. Abdel

doi:10.1159/000144229

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Surprisingly, the isolated occurrence of a pouch of the soft palate (dulaa, Qulla, vesica palatina, palatine diverticulum) comparable to the PPP of the Mongolian gazelle has been documented in a phylogenetically distant taxon: the dromedary ( Camelus ferus f. dromedarius, Camelidae, Tylopoda). Both sexes of the dromedary have a dulaa, although it is better developed in the male (Arnautovic & Abdel Magid, 1974; Smuts & Bezuidenhout, 1987). By contrast, a pouch of the soft palate is lacking in the two‐humped camel and in the llama (Lesbre, 1903; Hegazi, 1949).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The highly specialized vocal tract of the male Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa Pallas, 1777 – Mammalia, Bovidae)

Frey

Gebler

2003

Journal of Anatomy

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The entire head and neck of a wild adult male Mongolian gazelle ( Procapra gutturosa ) was dissected with special reference to its enlarged larynx. Two additional adult male specimens taken from the wild were analysed by computer tomography. The sternomandibularis, omohyoideus, thyrohyoideus and hyoepiglotticus muscles are particularly enlarged and improve laryngeal suspension and stabilization. The epiglottis is exceptionally large. A permanent laryngeal descent is associated with the evolution of an unpaired palatinal pharyngeal pouch. A certain momentary descent seems to occur during vocalization. The high lateral walls of the thyroid cartilage are ventrally connected by a broad keel. The large thyroarytenoid muscle is divided into two portions: a rostral ventricularis and a caudal vocalis muscle. A paired lateral laryngeal ventricle projects between these two muscles. The massive vocal fold is large and lacks any rostrally directed flexible structures. It is supported by a large cymbal-like fibroelastic pad. Vocal tract length was measured in the course of dissection and in computer tomographic images. Two representative spectrograms, one of an adult male and one of a juvenile, recorded in the natural habitat of the Mongolian gazelle are presented. In the spectrograms, the centre frequency of the lowest band is about 500 Hz in the adult male and about 790 Hz in the juvenile. The low pitch of the adult male's call is ascribed to the evolutionary mass increase and elongation of the vocal folds. In the habitat of P. gutturosa a call with a low pitch and, thus, with an almost homogeneous directivity around the head of the vocalizing animal may be optimally suited for multidirectional advertisement calls during the rut. The signal range of an adult male's call in its natural habitat can therefore be expected to be larger than the high-pitched call of a juvenile.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the wall of the PPP in the male Mongolian gazelle is strongly folded, its dorsally directed opening seems to impede an inflation mechanism similar to that of the dulaa in the dromedary by raising the soft palate for closure of the choanae (Arnautovic & Abdel Magid, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The highly specialized vocal tract of the male Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa Pallas, 1777 – Mammalia, Bovidae)

Frey

Gebler

2003

Journal of Anatomy

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“…The dulaa is an oroventral projection from the soft palate (Arnautovic and Abdel Magid 1974), the normal surface of which is heavily folded. The oral part of the dulaa lies against the root of the tongue while the sides and aboral surface are in the oropharynx.…”

Section: _ Abstract_mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mature animals, over nine years of age, up to 36 cm of inflated soft palate may be visible (Dioli and others 1992, Fowler 1993). The dulaa is an oroventral projection from the soft palate (Arnautovic and Abdel Magid 1974), the normal surface of which is heavily folded. The oral part of the dulaa lies against the root of the tongue while the sides and aboral surface are in the oropharynx.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Prolapse of the soft palate in a male Arabian camel (Camelus dromidarius)

Reece¹,

Chawla²

2001

Veterinary Record

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“…The dulaa is a unique diverticulum on the ventro-rostral part of the soft palate of the dromedary camel (Hegazi, 1949;Mukasa-Mugerwa, 1981). It is extruded from the bucal cavity during the rut or under excitation (Arnautovic and Abdel Magid, 1974;Wilson, 1988). A small minority of camels do not protrude the dulaa throughout their lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgery of the Dulaa in the Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Ramadan¹

2013

Jour. Agri. & Mar. Scie.

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The present study was carried out on 45 native adult dromedary camels suffering from disorders of the dulaa. Clinical signs were those of dysphagia and or dyspnoea. Twenty-four camels (53.33%) were unable to inflate or extrude their dulaas. These signs were associated with pharyngeal swelling. Therefore the animals were examined radiographically. Fifteen (33.33%) camels suffered from collapsed and persistent protrusion of the dulaas. Four (8.9%) camels had previous episodes of dysfunction of the dulaa and the owner requested elective surgical excision. The remaining 2 (4.44%) animals had previous excision by healers and developed granulation tissue. Surgical management was achieved after light sedation using xylazine (2% Rompun, Bayer) supplemented with local infiltration analgesia or followed by induction of anaesthesia using ketamine hydrochloride (Ketamidore). The operations were carried out either through the oral cavity or following a pharyngostomy incision at the inter-mandibular region. In the latter instances, temporary tracheotomy was needed. The prevalent surgical affections were impaction with food material associated with ulcer or echymosis or abscesses. Less severe maladies were those of persistent protrusion accompanied with edema, haematoma, lacerations, small foci of abscesses and gangrene. The prognosis was favourable. The study included surgical anatomy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as radiography of the dulaa in health and disease.

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Anatomy and mechanism of distension of the dulaa of the one-humped camel

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The highly specialized vocal tract of the male Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa Pallas, 1777 – Mammalia, Bovidae)

The highly specialized vocal tract of the male Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa Pallas, 1777 – Mammalia, Bovidae)

Prolapse of the soft palate in a male Arabian camel (Camelus dromidarius)

Surgery of the Dulaa in the Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

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