Anatomy and Physiology of the Rumen

Membrive, Claudia Maria Bertan

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30533-2_1

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although the abomasum is analogous to the true stomach in other mammals, it is hypothesized that the ruminant abomasum has evolved particular adaptations to digest the microbe-rich content from upstream chambers (72). The lysozyme c family, which degrades bacterial and microbial cells as members enter the abomasum to extract nutrients (79), has expanded to 10 or more copies in ruminants, whereas other mammals have only one or a few copies of this gene family (79) expand along the diversification of pecoran families, and eventually culminated with the highest copy numbers in Bovidae (Fig.…”

Section: Genomic Variations Related To Ruminant Morphological Charactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale ruminant genome sequencing provides insights into their evolution and distinct traits

Chen¹,

Qiu²,

Jiang³

et al. 2019

Science

332

307

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The ruminants are one of the most successful mammalian lineages, exhibiting morphological and habitat diversity and containing several key livestock species. To better understand their evolution, we generated and analyzed de novo assembled genomes of 44 ruminant species, representing all six Ruminantia families. We used these genomes to create a time-calibrated phylogeny to resolve topological controversies, overcoming the challenges of incomplete lineage sorting. Population dynamic analyses show that population declines commenced between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago, which is concomitant with expansion in human populations. We also reveal genes and regulatory elements that possibly contribute to the evolution of the digestive system, cranial appendages, immune system, metabolism, body size, cursorial locomotion, and dentition of the ruminants.

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Section: Genomic Variations Related To Ruminant Morphological Charactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale ruminant genome sequencing provides insights into their evolution and distinct traits

Chen¹,

Qiu²,

Jiang³

et al. 2019

Science

332

307

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“…The inhibition of total gas production, especially in the HC group, mainly resulted from the overall suppression of the activities of rumen microbes during fermentation. Although the pH value did increase from 6.1 to 6.3 after thymol addition, this may have had little impact on rumen fermentation due to the minor rise in view of the wide range of normal ruminal from 5.5 to 7.0 [ 45 ]. The effective dose of thymol on methanogenesis inhibition was higher than 200 mg/L in studies performed by Evans and Martin [ 12 ] and Macheboeuf et al [ 46 ]; consistent with this, the present study observed a significant decrease in methane production with 200 mg/L and 400 mg/L of thymol supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Thymol Supplementation on Goat Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota In Vitro

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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This study was performed to explore the predominant responses of rumen microbiota with thymol supplementation as well as effective dose of thymol on rumen fermentation. Thymol at different concentrations, i.e., 0, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 400 mg/L (four groups × five replications) was applied for 24 h of fermentation in a rumen fluid incubation system. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was applied to investigate the ruminal microbes in addition to the examination of rumen fermentation. Thymol doses reached 200 mg/L and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total gas production (TGP) and methane production; the production of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), propionate, and ammonia nitrogen, and the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were apparently decreased (p < 0.05) when the thymol dose reached 400 mg/L. A thymol dose of 200 mg/L significantly affected (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of 14 genera of bacteria, three species of archaea, and two genera of protozoa. Network analysis showed that bacteria, archaea, and protozoa significantly correlated with methane production and VFA production. This study indicates an optimal dose of thymol at 200 mg/L to facilitate rumen fermentation, the critical roles of bacteria in rumen fermentation, and their interactions with the archaea and protozoa.

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“…The weight of the rumen epithelium has a clear and major impact on the digestive capabilities and supply of substrates to the growing ruminant (Baldwin et al, 2004). Thus, considering that the rumen consists of a nonglandular mucosa and represents the fermentative chamber where most of the digestion happens by the joint action of the microorganisms, it can be assumed that the volumetric capacity of the rumen determines the quantity of feed intake and that the greater development of the muscular layer also can be associated to a greater necessity of ruminal motility (Membrive, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the beginning of feedlot (d0), rumen and abomasum represented approximately 62.3% and 17.4% of stomach compartments, respectively, reaching 66.1% and 14.8% at the end of finishing period. According to Membrive (2016), the rumen epithelium reaches the complete development at approximately 2-3 months of age, and it determines the absorption capacity of the rumen. Thus, a better initial stimulus for increased rumen and papillae growth would reflect in higher ingestion capacity and higher animal performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen and liver measurements of lambs fed with high inclusions of crude glycerin in adaptation and finishing period of feedlot

Almeida

Paschoaloto

Perez

et al. 2018

Small Ruminant Research

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Crude glycerin is the main by-product of biodiesel industry and has great potential for reducing the feed costs in ruminant feedlot systems without affecting animal health and performance, mainly as a replacement for corn grain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing inclusions of crude glycerin (up to 30%) in diets for crossbred feedlot lambs in two different periods (adaptation and finishing) on the rumen morphometric and liver variables. Fifty-five 3-month-old crossbred lambs were randomly allocated in individual pens indoors, assigned to a complete randomized block design and fed with four experimental diets, containing 0, 10, 20 or 30% crude glycerin. Three animals were slaughtered at the end of the pre-adaptation period (d0), twelve at the end of the adaptation period (d14), and the remaining (n = 40) when they reached approximately 35 kg BW. After slaughtered, the stomach compartments and liver were collected and evaluated. All stomach compartments, number of rumen papillae and mitotic index were higher for the finishing period (P < 0.05). Crude glycerin treatments showed greater rumen weights when compared to control treatment (G0 vs G, P = 0.01) in the finishing period. The increasing inclusion of up to 30% of crude glycerin/kg DM in diets for crossbred lambs did not compromise the stomach compartments and rumen papillae measurements in both periods of the feedlot. No clinical manifestations resulted from ruminal acidosis (such as liver abscess, ruminitis, and lesions in the ruminal mucosa) were observed in any period and treatment studied. Thus, we conclude that the replacement of corn cracked grain by crude glycerin (up to 30% DM) was effective in the animals' adaptation to concentrate-based diets.

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Anatomy and Physiology of the Rumen

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Large-scale ruminant genome sequencing provides insights into their evolution and distinct traits

Large-scale ruminant genome sequencing provides insights into their evolution and distinct traits

Effects of Thymol Supplementation on Goat Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota In Vitro

Rumen and liver measurements of lambs fed with high inclusions of crude glycerin in adaptation and finishing period of feedlot

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