Anatomy and physiology of the pharynx

Donner, Martin W.; Bosma, James F.; Robertson, Diane

doi:10.1007/bf01893103

Cited by 147 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Normal swallowing enables liquids and solids to pass from the mouth to the stomach (Donner et al 1985;Gleeson 1999). To protect the airway, the swallowing event must be executed with a high level of coordination and precision (Dodds et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and gender effects on submental motor-evoked potentials

Sella

Jones

Huckabee

2014

AGE

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It is not known whether there are ageand/or gender-related differences in magnitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) of the submental muscles. Knowledge of this is important in investigations of neurophysiological aspects of swallowing. Forty healthy participants (20 males, 20 females; 20 young [21-35 years], 20 old [53-88 years]) were recruited. Surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes were placed at midline underlying the submental muscle group. Age-and genderrelated differences were evaluated in two neurophysiologic measures of swallowing: MEPs stimulated by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the motor cortex and surface electromyography (sEMG) recorded from the same submental muscle group during non-stimulated swallows. The older participants had larger MEPs during saliva swallowing than the young participants (p = 0.04, d=0.86). Conversely, the older participants had lower amplitude submental EMG activity during nonstimulated swallows (p=0.045, d=0.67). Gender had no significant effect on MEP magnitude and on submental activity during saliva swallowing. There were no effects of age or gender on MEP latencies. These findings suggest deterioration in muscle function with age in a sample of healthy adults presenting with functional swallowing. We speculate that muscular decline is partially ameliorated by increased cortical activity-i.e., increased submental MEPs-so as to preserve swallowing function in healthy older subjects. These findings emphasize the need for different reference points for evaluation of submental MEPs of different age groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and gender effects on submental motor-evoked potentials

Sella

Jones

Huckabee

2014

AGE

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“…All the muscles in this complex contract simultaneously to initiate a swallow and function as laryngeal elevators (Miller 1982). Consequently, submental surface EMG activity provides considerable information about the onset and duration of the oropharyngeal swallowing phase, as contraction of the SM complex pulls the hyoid bone into an anterosuperior position, thereby elevating the larynx and initiating the other reflexive changes that constitute the pharyngeal phase of swallowing (Donner, Bosma et al 1985;Dodds, Logemann et al 1990;Ertekin, Pehlivan et al 1995). However, pharyngeal and laryngeal EMG recording during swallowing was difficult to perform noninvasively and usually required the insertion of a needle electrode.…”

Section: From Bench To the Bedsidementioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Monitoring of Breathing and Swallowing Interaction

Terzi¹,

David²,

Prigent³

et al. 2012

EMG Methods for Evaluating Muscle and Nerve Function

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“…The pharynx extends from the nasal cavity to the pharyngoesophageal segment [22]. It can be divided into three parts: the naso-, the oro-and the hypopharynx ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

A lubrication analysis of pharyngeal peristalsis: Application to flavour release

Loubens

Magnin

Verin

et al. 2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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To cite this version:assumptions. This analysis of the literature claried the types of mechanical solicitations applied on the food bolus. Moreover, we showed that the pharyngeal peristalsis in the most occluded region is equivalent to a forward roll coating process, the originality of which is lubrication by a lm of saliva. A model based on the lubrication theory for Newtonian liquids was developed in dimensionless form. The parametric study showed the strong inuence of relative saliva thickness on the food bolus coating. A specic experimental device was designed that conrms the model predictions.Two sets of conditions that depend on the relative thickness of saliva were distinguished. The rst is characterised by a relatively thin lm of saliva: food bolus viscosity has a strong impact on mucosa coating. These phenomena are well represented by the model developed here. The second is obtained when the saliva lm is relatively thick: hydrodynamic mixing with saliva, interdiusion or instabilities may govern mucosa coating. Finally, these results were extrapolated to determine the * Corresponding author * * Principal corresponding author Email addresses: cdeloubens@grignon.inra.fr (Clément de Loubens), magnin@ujf-grenoble.fr (Albert Magnin), Eric.Verin@chu-rouen.fr (Eric Verin), souchon@grignon.inra.fr (Isabelle Souchon)

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Anatomy and physiology of the pharynx

Cited by 147 publications

References 2 publications

Age and gender effects on submental motor-evoked potentials

Age and gender effects on submental motor-evoked potentials

Noninvasive Monitoring of Breathing and Swallowing Interaction

A lubrication analysis of pharyngeal peristalsis: Application to flavour release

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