Anatomy, Embryology, And Karyology

Hejnowicz, A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4841-8_6

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Twigs are green and irregularly alternate. Even 4‐year‐old branches have parts still with an intact epidermis under which are live cork cells rich in chloroplasts (Hejnowicz 1978). Buds are very small, bud scales dark‐brown, rounded, imbricate and closely appressed to the bud.…”

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outer bark has a single periderm with 10–15 layers of phellem cells, the layers formed by alternating rows of thin‐ and thick‐walled cells. The periderm does not have lenticels (Hejnowicz 1978). The phloem contains tangential bands of axial parenchyma with abundant calcium oxalate crystals embedded in the cell walls.…”

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phloem contains tangential bands of axial parenchyma with abundant calcium oxalate crystals embedded in the cell walls. Crystals of calcium oxalate are also in the phloem fibres (Hejnowicz 1978). Sieve cells are 150–200 µm in length.…”

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wood of T. baccata lacks axial parenchyma (Hejnowicz 1978; Bell & Hemsley 2000) and resin canals although traumatic resin canals are formed when injured (Hejnowicz 1978). Woodpeckers (Picidae) are known to inflict damage on yew trees in Switzerland, resulting in traumatic xylem and phloem (Kučera 1972).…”

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In western Europe, Richard (1985) found that yew strobili open 100 days after mean daily temperatures fall below 10 °C in autumn. Fertilization occurs 6–8 weeks after pollination (Hejnowicz 1978; Pennell & Bell 1986). ‘Fruits’ ripen and seeds are shed primarily in August to October in mainland Europe and north‐eastern USA (USDA 1974; Bugala 1978) extending into November in Russia (Sukachev 1928; Wyman 1947) and southern Ireland (Smal & Fairley 1980b).…”

Section: Phenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxus baccata L.

2003

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Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxus baccata L.

2003

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Growth responses to elevated environmental humidity vary between phenological forms of Picea abies

Sellin,

Heinsoo,

Kupper

et al. 2024

Front. For. Glob. Change

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IntroductionGlobal warming promotes geographical variability in climate, although the trends differ for the lower and higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. By the end of the current century, the climate models project an increase of up to 20–30% in summer precipitation for northern Europe, accompanied by an increase in atmospheric humidity. Information on the effects of increasing precipitation and air humidity on the performance of northern trees is scant.MethodsWe studied the effects of artificially elevated air relative humidity (RH) and soil moisture on growth, phenology and needle/shoot morphology of 5-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies) saplings at the Free Air Humidity Manipulation (FAHM) experimental site in eastern Estonia. The trees were subjected to three treatments: C – control, ambient conditions; H – air humidification, mean relative humidity ~ + 5%; I – soil irrigation, precipitation +15%. Trees from pure stands were sampled from three experimental plots per treatment in 2022.ResultsThe needle morphology of P. abies was insensitive to moderate changes in air humidity and soil water content in northern mesic conditions. In contrast, the humidity treatments significantly affected shoot size, which decreased in the following order: C > I > H. This finding indicates a certain deceleration of the development of trees’ assimilating surface under elevated air humidity. The humidity manipulation did not influence the timing of bud burst, but the trees differentiated between two phenological forms – early-and late-flushing forms. Trees growing under elevated RH exhibited slower growth rates compared to trees in C and I treatments. The early-flushing trees grew faster, while the late-flushing trees performed better under increasing environmental humidity.ConclusionAt high latitudes, the increasing precipitation and concomitant rise in atmospheric humidity counteract the enhancement of trees’ growth and forest productivity predicted for boreal forests due to global warming. Given that the late phenological form of P. abies is more tolerant of wetter climates and less threatened by late spring frosts, it has a greater potential to adapt to regional climate trends predicted for northern Europe.

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Anatomy, Embryology, And Karyology

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Taxus baccata L.

Taxus baccata L.

Growth responses to elevated environmental humidity vary between phenological forms of Picea abies

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