Anatomy of adventitial and perivascular vasa vasorum as a key factor of a long-term coronary artery bypass graft surgery success

Frolov, A. V.; Загородников, Н. И.; Богданов, Л. А.; Mukhamadiyarov, R. А.; Terekhov, Alexander; Kutikhin, Anton G.

doi:10.33029/2308-1198-2020-8-4-65-73

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…By optimising the staining and dehydration protocol, BSEM distinguishes endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages (including foam cells and foreign-body giant cells), lymphocytes, and perivascular adipocytes. The applicability of our technique for vascular pathology tasks has been confirmed on a sample of coronary artery bypass graft surgery conduits (saphenous veins and internal mammary arteries), demonstrating an association of increased vasa vasorum density with pre-implantation stenosis ( 12 ). An independent validation sample included balloon-injured rat aortas, which indicated the correlation of vasa vasorum , a surrogate vascular inflammation marker, with immune cell clusters also associated with neointima formation ( 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

EMbedding and Backscattered Scanning Electron Microscopy: A Detailed Protocol for the Whole-Specimen, High-Resolution Analysis of Cardiovascular Tissues

Mukhamadiyarov

Богданов

Глушкова

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Currently, an ultrastructural analysis of cardiovascular tissues is significantly complicated. Routine histopathological examinations and immunohistochemical staining suffer from a relatively low resolution of light microscopy, whereas the fluorescence imaging of plaques and bioprosthetic heart valves yields considerable background noise from the convoluted extracellular matrix that often results in a low signal-to-noise ratio. Besides, the sectioning of calcified or stent-expanded blood vessels or mineralised heart valves leads to a critical loss of their integrity, demanding other methods to be developed. Here, we designed a conceptually novel approach that combines conventional formalin fixation, sequential incubation in heavy metal solutions (osmium tetroxide, uranyl acetate or lanthanides, and lead citrate), and the embedding of the whole specimen into epoxy resin to retain its integrity while accessing the region of interest by grinding and polishing. Upon carbon sputtering, the sample is visualised by means of backscattered scanning electron microscopy. The technique fully preserves calcified and stent-expanded tissues, permits a detailed analysis of vascular and valvular composition and architecture, enables discrimination between multiple cell types (including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells, foam cells, foreign-body giant cells, canonical macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes) and microvascular identities (arterioles, venules, and capillaries), and gives a technical possibility for quantitating the number, area, and density of the blood vessels. Hence, we suggest that our approach is capable of providing a pathophysiological insight into cardiovascular disease development. The protocol does not require specific expertise and can be employed in virtually any laboratory that has a scanning electron microscope.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%