Anatomy of Boron‐deficient Thuja Plicata

Blaser, H. Weston; Marr, Currie D.; Takahashi, David

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1967.tb10739.x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Boron forms boron-sugar complexes in plants and plays an important role in the short and long-distance transport of sugars (Matoh et al, 1996;Kaneko et al 1997;Jackson, 1991). Blaser et al (1967) reported that the lack of boron is sensed by the plant more acutely especially in the meristematic development stages. There is no evidence to indicate the direct effects of boron on nitrogen metabolism; however, in the absence of it, protein synthesis is reduced in the plant (Amberger, 1975).…”

Section: Scuss Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of boron treatments on boron distribution and fresh leaf yield of tea plant

Balci

Taban

2018

International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences

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Tea plant has a substantial importance for the world and Turkey in terms of consumption and economic aspects. Global tea consumption increasingly reached approximately 5 million tonnes with China (33 %), India (21 %) and Turkey (5 %) taking up the top places. Total tea production in the world has exceeded 5 million tonnes a year of which about 38 % is produced only in China while 24 % in India and 9% in Kenya (FAO, 2015). Tea consumption in Turkey tripled between 1945 and 1950; therefore, the land cultivated with tea plant reached from 3.000 ha to 76.000 ha (Kacar, 2010). As reported in CAYKUR 2015 tea sector report, Turkey th ranks 8 in the world in the extent of land for cultivating tea, th rd st 6 in tea production, 3 in tea consumption and 1 in tea yield obtained from per unit of harvested area. Apart from being a popular beverage worldwide, ingredients of tea boosts the body's vitality, strengthens bones and teeth, reduces heart disease and cancer risk, has a positive effect on weight problems and diabetes (Naito and Yoshikawa, 2009;Yang and Wang, 2010;Goenka et al., 2013; Kim and Kim, 2013). Researches show that boron is effective in yield as well as taste and smell of black tea and, moreover, it is effective on quality of tea as it increases the tannin content of tea leaves (Pethiyagoda and Krishnapillai, 1971;Kacar, 2010). Boron deficiency in plants is frequently observed in acid-reactive soils where rainfall is abundant. In the Eastern Black Sea region where tea cultivation is intensively carried out, the research results, showing 97 % boron deficiency detected in the soil cultivated with tea plants and 98 % boron deficiency in Artvin province (Taban et al., 2015), have helped to shape the subject and area of this research. In order to raise the quality of tea leaf prevent severe environmental and health problems, it is necessary to know the concentration of essential plant nutrients of the tea plant and its soil as well as the optimal doses of the nutrients to be applied, their application methods, optimum forms, application times and frequency.Within the frame of the topics mentioned above, the aim of this research is to determine the effect of the foliar and soil boron treatment on a) yield, b) shoot height, c) boron concentration of shoot leaves, d) general distribution of boron in shoots of the tea plant. Materials and MethodsThe Establ shment and Implementat on of the Exper ment A two-year fixed field experiment was carried out in a tea garden run by a domestic producer in Yemişli village of Arhavi district in Artvin province (primary coordinates: 37T0692339 E, 4577909 N, secondary coordinates: 41,32837 N, 41,29641 E, altitude: 22 m). The experiment was conducted on 3 April 2014 in the first year and on 25 March 2015 in the second year. The field experiment was laid out with randomized block design with 5 replications. The experimental field was divided into twenty 2x1 m plots with 0.5 m and 1 m buffer area between the plots and the blocks, respectively.A soil sample was collected from a few poin...

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Section: Scuss Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of boron treatments on boron distribution and fresh leaf yield of tea plant

Balci

Taban

2018

International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences

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“…In the gymnosperms, tissue cultures derived from Ginkgo biloba pollen have an absolute boron requirement (Yih et al, 1966); and several reports of a boron requirement in conifers are found in the literature (Ludbrook, 1942;Walker et al, 1955;Blaser et al, 1967). Boron deficiency in Thuja plicata resulted in restricted growth in meristematic regions; needles were closely bunched, giving a "rosette" appearance to shoots, and roots were short (Walker et at., 1955).…”

Section: Effect Of Boron On the Growth Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boron deficiency in Thuja plicata resulted in restricted growth in meristematic regions; needles were closely bunched, giving a "rosette" appearance to shoots, and roots were short (Walker et at., 1955). The symptoms of boron deficiency were most obvious during rapid growth and periods of meristematic activity (Blaser et at., 1967).…”

Section: Effect Of Boron On the Growth Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dependence on boron for normal meristematic activity is well documented for both angiosperms (a partial list includes Chapman and Jackson, 1974;Kouchi and Kumazawa, 1975a;Bohnsack and Albert, 1977;Cohen and Lepper, 1977;Hirsch and Torrey, 1980;Krueger et al, 1979;Lovatt et al, 1981) and gymnosperms (Walker et al, 1955;Blaser et al, 1967). To date, some of the earliest effects of boron deficiency on plant metabolism reported in the literature were observed in root meristem tissues (Chapman and Jackson, 1974;Kumazawa, 1975a,b, 1976;Bohnsack and Albert, 1977;Cohen and Lepper, 1977;Krueger et al, 1979;Hirsch and Torrey, 1980;Lovatt et al, 1981).…”

Section: Nucleic Acid Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boron

Lovatt

Dugger

1984

Biochemistry of the Essential Ultratrace Elements

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Boron is the only nonmetal in a family otherwise comprised of active metals, Group IlIA of the periodic table. As expected, boron exhibits bonding and structural characteristics intermediate to both. Like carbon (atomic number 6), boron (atomic number 5) has a tendency to form double bonds and macromolecules. In addition, there are several features that are more or less unique to boron and this group of elements. These include electron-deficient molecules (such as boron trifluoride) and bridge bonds (such as those in diborane, B2H6)' These tendencies have formed the basis for the many hypotheses attempting to predict the mode of action of boron as a nutrient essential to the metabolism of vascular plants (Section 17.2.1), as a toxicant to animals (Section 17.1.5), and for achieving boron accumulation in cancer cells (Section 17.1.8).In this chapter the biochemistry of boron is reviewed predominantly in vascular plants. The discussion is organized around those metabolic processes that boron nutrition repeatedly has been shown to influence: carbohydrate metabolism, hormone action, membrane structure and function, and nucleic acid biosynthesis.17.1.

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“…Despite the considerable amount of research conducted to identify the metabolic event dependent on B, definitive evidence to support a specific biochemical role has not been obtained. The dependence of normal meristem activity on B is well documented for both angiosperms (3, 9-11, 16, 17, 20) and gymnosperms (2,19). For example, a reduction in root elongation within 6 h of transferring plants to culture conditions without added B is routinely observed for varieties of Viciafaba (14), Lvcopersicon escdlent'um (1), Phaseolus aureuis (3), Cucurhita pepo (5, 1 1), and Helianthuis annuuis (13).…”

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confidence: 93%

Metabolic Requirement of Cucurbita pepo for Boron

Krueger¹,

Lovatt²,

Albert³

1987

Plant Physiol.

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Lateral roots of intact summer squash seedlings (Cucurbita pepo L.) were used to quantify the effects of boron deficiency on DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and respiration. The temporal relationship between changes in these metabolic activities and the cessation of root elongation caused by boron deprivation was determined. Transferring 5-day-old squash seedlings to a hydroponic culture medium without boron for 6 hours resulted in a 62% reduction in net root elongation and a 30% decrease in the incorporation of VH]thymidine into DNA by root tips (apical 5-millimeter segments). At this time, root tips from both borondeficient and boron-sufficient plants exhibited nearly identical rates of incorporation of l'4Clleucine into protein and respiration as measured by 02 consumption. After an additional 6 hours of boron deprivation, root elongation had nearly ceased. Concomitantly, DNA synthesis in root apices was 66% less than in the boron-sufficient control plants and protein synthesis was reduced 43%. 02 consumption remained the same for both treatments. The decline and eventual cessation of root elongation correlated temporally with the decrease in DNA synthesis, but preceded changes in protein synthesis and respiration. These results suggest that boron is required for continued DNA synthesis and cell division in root meristems.Demonstration that B is a micronutrient essential to vascular plants (16,20) Experiments using autoradiography revealed that the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into root apical meristems of 5-d-old squash plants ceased after 20 h B deprivation (4). When these plants were returned to B-sufficient medium for 12 h, autoradiographs showed a pattern and intensity of incorporation indistinguishable from that of B-sufficient root apices (4). Taken together, these observations suggest that DNA synthesis is impaired under conditions of B deficiency.This study was undertaken to define the relationship between inhibition of root elongation and DNA synthesis in root apices of Cucurbita pepo specifically to determine if impaired DNA synthesis is a primary effect of B deprivation or a secondary response resulting from decreased respiration and/or protein synthesis.MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals. All radiolabeled chemicals were purchased from New England Nuclear. Mineral salts for Shive's nutrient solution were of analytical reagent quality from Fisher Scientific Co. All other chemicals were from Sigma.Plant Materials. Summer squash seeds (Cucurbita pepo L., cv Early Prolific Straightneck), supplied through the courtesy of the Joseph Harris Co., Inc., were imbibed in distilled H20 for 24 h at room temperature. They were then spread evenly between two sheets of paper toweling placed in a plastic box (33 x 23 x 9.5 cm), and moistened with 7 ml H2O. The covered box was placed in a growth chamber where the seeds germinated in the dark for 48 h at 30°C. After germination, the terminal 5 mm of the primary root was pinched off to promote lateral root formation, and the seedlings were inserted into hol...

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Anatomy of Boron‐deficient Thuja Plicata

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of boron treatments on boron distribution and fresh leaf yield of tea plant

Effect of boron treatments on boron distribution and fresh leaf yield of tea plant

Boron

Metabolic Requirement of Cucurbita pepo for Boron

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