Anatomy of sex: Revision of the new anatomical terms used for the clitoris and the female orgasm by sexologists

Abstract

Sexual medicine experts and sexologists must spread certainties on the biological basis of the female orgasm to all women, not hypotheses or personal opinions. Therefore, they must use scientific anatomical terminology. The anatomy of the clitoris and the female orgasm are described in textbooks, but some researchers have proposed a new anatomical terminology for the sexual response in women. The internal/inner clitoris does not exist: the entire clitoris is an external organ. The clitoris is not composed of two arcs but of the glans, body, and crura or roots. "Clitoral bulbs" is an incorrect term from an embryological and anatomical viewpoint: the correct term is "vestibular bulbs." The bulbocavernosus muscles are implicated in inferior vaginismus, while the pubovaginal muscle is responsible for superior vaginismus. The clitoral or clitoris-urethro-vaginal complex has no embryological, anatomical and physiological support: the vagina has no anatomical relationship with the clitoris, and the clitoris is a perineal organ while the supposed G-spot is in the pelvic urethra. G-spot/vaginal/clitoral orgasm, vaginally activated orgasm, and clitorally activated orgasm, are incorrect terms: like "male orgasm," "female orgasm" is the correct term. The "vaginal" orgasm that some women report is always caused by the surrounding erectile organs (triggers of female orgasm). The male penis cannot come in contact with the venous plexus of Kobelt or with the clitoris during vaginal intercourse. Also, female ejaculation, premature ejaculation, persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD), periurethral glans, vaginal-cervical genitosensory component of the vagus nerve, and G-spot amplification, are terms without scientific basis. Female sexual satisfaction is based on orgasm and resolution: in all women, orgasm is always possible if the female erectile organs, i.e. the female penis, are effectively stimulated during masturbation, cunnilingus, partner masturbation, or during vaginal/anal intercourse if the clitoris is simply stimulated with a finger. Clin. Anat. 28:293-304, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Origin, Function, and Effects of Female Orgasm: All Three are Different

“…If referring to the glans clitoris, it is correct to say that it is removed from the vagina in humans, but one may note that in many induced ovulators the glans clitoris is inside the copulatory canal. It is true that internal parts of clitoris, the crura and the internal erectile tissue, the bulbs of the clitoris, do extend dorsally lateral to the urethra toward the lateral walls of the vagina (Suh et al., ; O'Connell et al., ; Puppo and Puppo, ) and are likely stimulated during vaginal penetration. While this is noteworthy, it must be placed into appropriate mammalian comparative context as the clitoris is not a uniquely human structure.…”

The whole versus the sum of some of the parts: toward resolving the apparent controversy of clitoral versus vaginal orgasms

“…Puppo (2011a, 2011b), Puppo and Gruenwald (2012), Puppo and Puppo (2014) argue that women’s orgasm cannot be vaginal because there is nothing in the vagina – no stimulation of an internal clitoral complex and no stimulation of the cervix – that could possibly stimulate orgasm. Orgasms are generated by stimulation of the external clitoral glans alone, and women should not suffer the frustration of trying to obtain orgasm from vaginal stimulation and the indignities of self-doubt when those orgasms do not occur.…”

Comprehensive review of the anatomy and physiology of male ejaculation: Premature ejaculation is not a disease

“…From a physiological point of view, the term “female emission” is more accurate than “female ejaculation” (however, in a few women there is a powerful emission): it corresponds to the emission of seminal fluid into the prostatic urethra in the male. The lack of an ejaculation phase in the female could explain why women have no refractory period and are able to experience multiple orgasms (Puppo, ; Puppo and Puppo, ).…”

“…the clitoris, vestibular bulbs and pars intermedia, labia minora, and corpus spongiosum of the female urethra. Vaginal orgasm, G‐spot, G‐spot amplification, clitoral bulbs, clitoral or clitoris‐urethra‐vaginal complex, internal clitoris and female ejaculation (O'Connell et al, ; Rubio‐Casillas and Jannini, ; Jannini et al, ; Buisson and Jannini ; Jannini et al, ; Oakley et al, ; Vaccaro et al, ; Graziottin and Gambini, ; Herold et al, ; Levin, ; Pan et al, ; Pauls, ; Vaccaro, ) are terms without scientific basis and should not be used by urologists, gynecologists, sexologists, sexual medicine experts, women, or the mass media (Puppo, ; Puppo and Puppo, ).…”

“…Male ejaculation does not automatically mean the end of sex for most women. Touching and kissing can be continued almost indefinitely; non‐coital sexual acts after male ejaculation can be used to produce orgasm in women (Puppo and Puppo, ; Puppo et al, ).…”