Anatomy of the Campi Flegrei caldera using Enhanced Seismic Tomography Models

Calò, Marco; Tramelli, Anna

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34456-x

Cited by 48 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…1. The Q P retrieved values, ranging between 5 and 40, are in agreement with previous results obtained at the Campi Flegrei larger scale and in other volcanic environments (Pujol and Smithson, 1991;De Gori et al, 2005;Lin et al, 2015;Calò and Tramelli, 2018); 2. The shallow low Q P values well correlate with the low Vp values at the same depth, indicating the low degree of consolidation of the shallowest crater materials, in accordance with other studies in volcanic environments (Clawson et al, 1989;Gudmundsson et al, 2004;De Gori et al, 2005); 3.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

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High Resolution Attenuation Images From Active Seismic Data: The Case Study of Solfatara Volcano (Southern Italy)

et al. 2019

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The quality factor Q is highly sensitive to the medium properties related to the fluid presence, like porosity, permeability, and level of rock saturation. Therefore, it is very useful to image the subsoil of volcanoes in terms of anelastic images, in addition to more common elastic tomographic models. In this setting, indeed, fluids play a key role in controlling and governing the evolution of magmatic processes, so their accurate identification and tracking is crucial. Here, we describe a methodology that allows to obtain accurate 1-D and 3-D attenuation models from seismic active data. This methodology requires three steps: 1/the measurement of the attenuation parameter t * , first by cross-correlating the signal with the known source function and then by using the spectral decay method; 2/the determination of a reference 1-D attenuation model through a grid model search procedure; 3/the reconstruction of the 3-D attenuation model through an iterative inversion of t * data. The map of t * residuals can be analyzed with respect to the reference 1-D model in order to validate the t * catalog. The methodology has been tested on a small-scale volcanic volume of the shallow Solfatara crater, in southern Italy, as for this area several multi-parametric geophysical surveys have been carried on. The shallowest subsoil of Solfatara is characterized as a volume with a very low P-wave quality factor (Q P 5-40 in the near-surface layer 30 m thick), which globally increases with depth in the explored volume and shows a strong lateral heterogeneity. Within the well resolved central portion of the explored volume the Q P model shows features consistent with the hydrothermal fluid distribution within Solfatara, inferred by the velocity images. The presented methodology can be therefore considered as a suitable tool to obtain attenuation models in volcanic areas, which, interpreted jointly with the velocity ones, provide a comprehensive image of complex hydrothermal systems.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The low Qp values describe a high attenuating medium, in agreement with the results of Calò and Tramelli (2018) who obtained large-scale models of elastic and anelastic properties of Campi Flegrei volcanic system. In the Solfatara area they found Q P values lower than 50.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

High Resolution Attenuation Images From Active Seismic Data: The Case Study of Solfatara Volcano (Southern Italy)

et al. 2019

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“…To estimate the injection timescale for the Campi Flegrei magma chamber, we use an intermediate estimate for the long‐term magma supply rate of ~0.003 km 3 /year. Geophysical surveys indicate the presence of a shallow magmatic body, although the volume and distribution of melt are not well constrained (Calo & Tramelli, ; Fedi et al, ; Zollo et al, ). Recent modeling by Forni et al () find a good match between the predicted and estimated cumulative eruptive volumes for each of the three epochs by using an initial magma chamber volume of ~2.5 km 3 that grows to ~11 km 3 by the end of the third epoch.…”

Section: Evolution Of Magma Chambers In Caldera Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magma Chamber Growth During Intercaldera Periods: Insights From Thermo‐Mechanical Modeling With Applications to Laguna del Maule, Campi Flegrei, Santorini, and Aso

Townsend

Huber

Degruyter

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Crustal magma chambers can grow to be hundreds to thousands of cubic kilometers, potentially feeding catastrophic caldera‐forming eruptions. Smaller volume chambers are expected to erupt frequently and freeze quickly; a major outstanding question is how magma chambers ever grow to the sizes required to sustain the largest eruptions on Earth. We use a thermo‐mechanical model to investigate the primary factors that govern the extrusive:intrusive ratio in a chamber, and how this relates to eruption frequency, eruption size, and long‐term chamber growth. The model consists of three fundamental timescales: the magma injection timescale τin, the cooling timescale τcool, and the timescale for viscous relaxation of the crust τrelax. We estimate these timescales using geologic and geophysical data from four volcanoes (Laguna del Maule, Campi Flegrei, Santorini, and Aso) to compare them with the model. In each of these systems, τin is much shorter than τcool and slightly shorter than τrelax, conditions that in the model are associated with efficient chamber growth and simultaneous eruption. In addition, the model suggests that the magma chambers underlying these volcanoes are growing at rates between ~10−4 and 10−2 km3/year, speeding up over time as the chamber volume increases. We find scaling relationships for eruption frequency and size that suggest that as chambers grow and volatiles exsolve, eruption frequency decreases but eruption size increases. These scaling relationships provide a good match to the eruptive history from the natural systems, suggesting that the relationships can be used to constrain chamber growth rates and volatile saturation state from the eruptive history alone.

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“…Successively, remarkable episodes of up‐lift occurred between 1968 and 1972 (about 177 cm) and from 1982 to 1985 (179 cm). This last event was accompanied by about 16,000 earthquakes (Calò & Tramelli, ; D'Auria et al, ). Following the 1982–1985 unrest, the Campi Flegrei caldera underwent a phase of subsidence, which led to an overall ground lowering of about 92 cm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight Into Campi Flegrei Caldera Unrest Through Seismic Tremor Measurements at Pisciarelli Fumarolic Field

Giudicepietro

Chiodini

Caliro

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Within a general volcanic unrest in the densely urbanized area of Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) an increase in the activity of Pisciarelli hydrothermal area is occurring. The seismic amplitude of Pisciarelli fumarolic tremor is a proxy for the fluid emission rate of the entire Solfatara‐Pisciarelli hydrothermal system. The long‐term analysis indicates a significant increase, by a factor of ~3 of the fumarolic tremor amplitude since May 2017. This increment matches with the trend of geochemical and seismic parameters observed in Campi Flegrei, therefore highlighting that Pisciarelli is a key site to monitor the volcanic unrest underway in this high‐risk caldera. The analysis of data from three closely spaced seismic stations provided new clues about the source mechanism of the tremor. Analyzing the fumarolic tremor amplitude we could also identify an episode of enlargement of the emission area close to the main fumarole of Pisciarelli. We propose a monitoring system based on the fumarolic tremor analysis, which provides real‐time information on the Pisciarelli hydrothermal activity and therefore on the current unrest in Campi Flegrei caldera.

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Anatomy of the Campi Flegrei caldera using Enhanced Seismic Tomography Models

Cited by 48 publications

References 56 publications

High Resolution Attenuation Images From Active Seismic Data: The Case Study of Solfatara Volcano (Southern Italy)

High Resolution Attenuation Images From Active Seismic Data: The Case Study of Solfatara Volcano (Southern Italy)

Magma Chamber Growth During Intercaldera Periods: Insights From Thermo‐Mechanical Modeling With Applications to Laguna del Maule, Campi Flegrei, Santorini, and Aso

Insight Into Campi Flegrei Caldera Unrest Through Seismic Tremor Measurements at Pisciarelli Fumarolic Field

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