Anatomy of the cardiac chambers: A review of the left ventricle

Whiteman, Shinelle; Alimi, Yusuf; Carrasco, Mark; Gielecki, Jerzy; Żurada, Anna; Loukas, Marios

doi:10.1016/j.tria.2020.100095

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Regarding Bland–Altman analysis, the main findings were as follows: there were important measurement differences, as observed in the bias, between CMR and echocardiography regarding EDV LV, ESV LV; there were smaller measurement differences regarding LVEF; the limits of agreement were large for EDV LV, ESV LV, and LVEF; the measurements differences had high heterogeneity for EDV LV and ESV LV, while for LVEF were homogeneous. These results imply that echocardiography measurements had important differences compared to CMR in assessing the left ventricle dimensions, even if it is the largest structure of the heart [ 18 ]. If we consider that CMR is a more accurate measurement technique, then the credibility of echocardiography measurements is questionable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Ejection Fraction Versus Echocardiography for Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation Eligibility

Schiau

Leucuţa

Dudea

et al. 2021

Biology

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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of performing two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) compared to cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) eligibility. Methods: A prospective cohort of 166 consecutive patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) was designed to compare transthoracic 2DE and CMR imaging. Results: Echocardiography measurements have important differences and large limits of agreement compared to CMR, especially when assessing ventricle volumes, and smaller but relevant differences when assessing LVEF. The agreement between CMR and 2DE regarding the identification of subjects with EF <= 35, respectively <= 30, and thus eligible for an ICD measured by Cohen’s Kappa was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68–0.88), p < 0.001, respectively 0.65 (95% CI: 0.52–0.78), p < 0.001. The disagreement represented 7.9%/11.3% of the subjects who had EF < 35%/< 30% as observed by CMR, who would have been classified as eligible for an ICD, resulting in an additional need to use an ICD. Moreover, 2.6%/3.3% would have been deemed eligible by echocardiography for an ICD. Conclusions: These measurement problems result in incorrect assignments of eligibility that may have serious implications on the quality of life and the prevention of death events for patients assessed for eligibility of an ICD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Ejection Fraction Versus Echocardiography for Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation Eligibility

Schiau

Leucuţa

Dudea

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…Anatomically, the LA forms most of the heart's base and joins the base of the LV at the mitral valve orifice, anteroinferiorly and to the left [26]. The left ventricle in turn slopes from its base in the plane of the atrioventricular groove to the cardiac apex [27]. It may be postulated that some degree of angulation normally exists in the Although increases in LA-LV angulation have been speculated to occur with age [8], we did not observe such an association in this study.…”

Section: La-lv Angulation and Its Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left atrial-left ventricular angle, a new measure of left atrial and left ventricular remodeling

Al-Mohaissen

Chow

Lee

et al. 2021

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging

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We assessed the left atrial-left ventricular (LA-LV) long axis angulation value as a new measure of LA remodeling, and studied its predictors, its effect on two-dimensional LA volume (2D LAVol) estimation, and optimization techniques for 2D LAVol values. Retrospective electrocardiogram-gated coronary computed tomographic angiograms of 164 consecutive patients were reviewed. The LA–LV angle was measured in reconstructed 3-chamber views, and its predictors were determined. The LAVol measured by the area-length method after image optimization along the LV long axis (AL) and the LA long axis (AC–AL), was compared with that measured by the three-dimensional (3D)-volumetric method. LAVol calculation was modified to minimize differences from the 3D values. LA–LV angles ranged from 0° to 63°. In the univariate analysis, decreasing angulation was significantly associated with increasing LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), mitral regurgitation grade, LV and LA anteroposterior dimensions, and decreasing LV ejection fraction (LVEF). On multivariate analysis, increasing LVEDV, MR, and LA anteroposterior dimension inversely correlated with angulation; LVEF was positively correlated. The AL and 3D methods significantly differed only for patients with angles ≤ 29.9°. Conversely, LAVol was overestimated for all angules by AC–AL. Modification of AL LAVol using a regression equation, or by substituting the shortest with the longest and average LA lengths in patients with angles ≤ 29.9° and 30–39.9°, respectively neutralized the difference. The LA–LV angle is a new measure of LA and LV remodeling predicted by LV size and function, MR, and LA-anteroposterior dimension. AL formula modifications based on angulation in LV-optimized views better correlate with the 3D method than LA-view modification.

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“…The left ventricular summit (LVS) is a triangular area located at the base of the left ventricle, at the most superior portion of the left epicardial ventricular region. It comprises the apex, septal margin, mitral margin, and base [15,17,27]. Enclosed in the left coronary artery bifurcation was firstly described by McAlpine in 1975 [21] and thirty-five years later revisited by Yamada because of the arrhythmic importance [14,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographical anatomy of the left ventricular summit: implications for invasive procedures

et al. 2023

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Anatomy of the cardiac chambers: A review of the left ventricle

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Ejection Fraction Versus Echocardiography for Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation Eligibility

Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Ejection Fraction Versus Echocardiography for Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation Eligibility

Left atrial-left ventricular angle, a new measure of left atrial and left ventricular remodeling

Topographical anatomy of the left ventricular summit: implications for invasive procedures

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