Anatomy of the cat,

Reighard, Jacob; Jennings, H. S.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.54000

Cited by 140 publications

(224 citation statements)

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“…The auriculotemporal branch of the trigeminal nerve travelled on the surface of the masseter muscle and joined with the ventral ramus of the facial nerve under the eyelid in all cat specimens. This result is consistent with the report of Reighard (1951) in cats. This communication occurs on the masseter muscle in dogs (Miller, 1964) and at the exit from the stylomastoid foramen in humans (Berry et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The main facial nerve divided into dorsal and ventral rami in this study (Fig. 1), consistent with the findings of Reighard (1951). Huber (1918; divided the main facial nerve supplying the superficial facial muscles in the dog into four terminal branches, rami temporalis, zygomatico-orbitalis, bucco-labialis superior, and bucco-labialis inferior, whereas Miller (1964) described three terminal branches, the auriculo-palpebral, dorsal buccal, and ventral buccal branches.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…There are some transitional muscle bundles between the buccal and oral portions in some mammals (Ruge, 1887a(Ruge, , 1912Huber, 1992;Miller, 1964;Herring, 1972;Meinertz, 1972a). There are no previous reports of the buccinator having a buccal portion in cats (Huber, 1918;Davison, 1923;Huber, 1930a;Reighard, 1951;Crouch, 1969), although all of the other mammals have been shown to display this feature (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Schreiber (1929) noted that the homology of the facial muscles between the dog and cat described by Huber was not as strict as that of other skeletal muscles. However, only an oral portion of the buccinator muscle in the cat has been described since Huber (Davison, 1923;Reighard, 1951;Crouch, 1969). The purpose of this study was to identify the buccinator muscle in the cat and to report on its anatomical features in detail.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative anatomy of the buccinator muscle in cat (Felis domestica)

Tomo¹,

Tomo²,

Nakajima³

et al. 2002

Anat. Rec.

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Published descriptions of the buccinator muscle of the cat (Felis domestica) differ from those for the same muscle in other mammals. Only an oral component of the muscle has been described in cats, not a buccal part. The purpose of this study was to identify the buccinator muscle in the cat and report on its anatomical features in detail. Dissections of the facial muscles were carried out on 12 specimens of adult cats (6 males and 6 females) that had been fixed with 10% formalin. We then observed the facial muscles and traced their innervations, arteries, and veins under a binocular microscope. The buccinator muscle in the cat was identified underneath an orbicularis oris, arising from the lower buccal membrane and from the molar region of the alveolar border of the mandible. It was about 3 mm wide at its origin, 4 mm wide at its insertion, and about 11 mm in length from origin to insertion. This contrasts with humans, in whom the muscle arises not only from the mandible, but also from the maxilla. Apart from this difference, this muscle in cats displays the following similarities to the buccinator muscle of other mammals: 1) it is innervated by the facial nerve; 2) it supports the buccal membrane; 3) it seems to insert into the modiolus; 4) its bundles run antero-posteriorly; 5) the posterior part of the muscle is located medially to the masseter muscle; 6) the parotid duct, facial nerve, artery, and vein run lateral to the muscle; 7) it is located deeper than other facial muscles; and 8) the buccal nerve runs on its surface. These relationships are spatially similar to those of the buccinator muscle in mammals. This muscle may aid in mastication, including suckling, and in expelling air forcibly, like the buccinator in humans. Anat Rec 267: 78-86, 2002.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparative anatomy of the buccinator muscle in cat (Felis domestica)

Tomo¹,

Tomo²,

Nakajima³

et al. 2002

Anat. Rec.

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“…Original dissections of the facial muscles have been carried out in some cases (e.g. Vick et al, 2007;Waller et al, 2013), but due to the extensive literature available on the facial musculature of the domestic cat (Mivart, 1881;Reighard and Jennings, 1901;Davidson, 1927;Crouch, 1969;Done et al, 1996;Tomo et al, 2002), this was deemed unnecessary. Second, the form and location of muscles were matched to observed facial movements by analysing frame-by-frame spontaneous facial behaviour from video footage.…”

Section: Study 1: Development Of Catfacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of CatFACS: Are human cat adopters influenced by cat facial expressions?

Caeiro

Burrows

Waller

2017

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) is quickly becoming the most popular animal companion in the world. The evolutionary processes that occur during domestication are known to have wide effects on the morphology, behaviour, cognition and communicative abilities of a species. Since facial expression is central to human communication, it is possible that cat facial expression has been subject to selection during domestication. Standardised measurement techniques to study cat facial expression are, however, currently lacking. Here, as a first step to enable cat facial expression to be studied in an anatomically based and objective way, CatFACS (Cat Facial Action Coding System) was developed. Fifteen individual facial movements (Action Units), six miscellaneous movements (Action Descriptors) and seven Ear Action Descriptors were identified in the domestic cat. CatFACS was then applied to investigate the impact of cat facial expression on human preferences in an adoption shelter setting. Rehoming speed from cat shelters was used as a proxy for human selective pressure. The behaviour of 106 cats ready for adoption in three different shelters was recorded during a standardised encounter with an experimenter. This experimental setup aimed to mimic the first encounter of a cat with a potential adopter, i.e. an unfamiliar human. Each video was coded for proximity to the experimenter, body movements, tail movements and face movements. Cat facial movements were not related to rehoming speed, suggesting that cat facial expression may not have undergone significant selection. In contrast, rubbing frequency was positively related to rehoming speed. The findings suggest that humans are more influenced by overt prosocial behaviours than subtle facial expression in domestic cats.

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Distribution of motoneurons supplying feline neck muscles taking origin from the shoulder girdle

1997

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A combination of fluorescent retrograde tracers and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to compare the spinal distributions of motoneurons supplying shoulder muscles with attachments to the skull and cervical spinal cord that suggest a significant role in head movement. Two muscles, the rhomboideus and the levator scapulae, were innervated by multiple segmental nerve bundles that entered the muscles at different rostrocaudal locations. Motoneurons that were labelled retrogradely from rhomboideus nerve bundles formed a single, long column in the ventral horn from C4 to C6, lateral to previously studied motor nuclei supplying deep neck muscles. When different tracers were used to differentiate motoneurons supplying specific nerve bundles, discrete subnuclei could be identified that were organized in a rostrocaudal sequence corresponding to the rostrocaudal order of the nerve bundles. Levator scapulae motoneurons formed a second elongate column immediately lateral to the rhomboidues motor nucleus. Three other muscles, that trapezius, sternomastoideus, and cleidomastoideus, were supplied by cranial nerve XI. Labelled motoneurons from these muscles formed a single column from the spinomedullary junction to middle C6. Within this column, the three motor nuclei supplying the sternomastoideus, cleidomastoideus, and trapezius were laminated mediolaterally. Sternomastoideus and cleidomastoideus motoneurons were confined to upper cervical segments, whereas trapezius motoneurons were found from C1 to C6. In C1 and C6, the motoneuron column was located centrally in the gray matter, but, between C2 and C5, the column lay on the lateral wall of the ventral horn in a position dorsolateral to motor nuclei supplying the rhomboideus and the deeper neck muscles. The findings in this study suggest that descending and propriospinal systems responsible for coordinating head movement may have to descend as far caudally as C6 if they are to project onto muscles controlling the mobility of the lower neck.

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Anatomy of the cat,

Cited by 140 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative anatomy of the buccinator muscle in cat (Felis domestica)

Comparative anatomy of the buccinator muscle in cat (Felis domestica)

Development and application of CatFACS: Are human cat adopters influenced by cat facial expressions?

Distribution of motoneurons supplying feline neck muscles taking origin from the shoulder girdle

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