Anatomy of the Chicken and Domestic Birds

Raikow, Robert J.; Koch, T.; Skold, Bernard Harold; Vries, Leonard de

doi:10.2307/4511989

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Subsequent to the experiment (28 wks of age) after 24 h of feed deprivation, 23 birds from each group were weighed and sacrificed using standard procedures as reported by Koch and Possa (1973). The breast and thigh muscles from both sides of each carcass were removed.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Caponization on Muscle Composition, Shear Value, ATP Related Compounds and Taste Appraisal in Taiwan Country Chicken Cockerels

Lin¹,

Lin²,

Hsu³

2011

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of caponization on the muscle composition, ATP-related compounds, the shear values, the taste panel scores and the muscle fiber areas of Taiwan country chicken cockerels. At 10 wks of age, cockerels were divided into two groups: caponized and untreated. Birds were fed grower and finisher diets ad libitum in an eighteen-week experimental period. Results showed that capons contained significantly greater muscle fat content, less breast and thigh muscle moisture content, shear value and muscle fiber area (p<0.05) than those of intact birds. However, neither treatment groups differed significantly (p>0.05) in breast and thigh muscle protein content. Compared with the intact birds, the capons contained significantly (p<0.05) less muscle ash content in the breasts, but did not differ significantly (p>0.05) in thigh muscle ash content. The breast muscle IMP and ATP+ADP+AMP+IMP contents in the intact birds were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the capons. The intact birds had significantly (p<0.05) higher ATP and AMP contents than did the capons as well as significantly (p<0.05) less ADP and inosine (HxR) contents in the thigh and breast muscles. The Hypoxanthine (Hx) content of the thighs in the intact birds was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in the capons; however, there was an adverse effect on the breast muscle Hx content. The breast muscle K value in the intact birds was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that in the capons. The capons produced significantly (p<0.05) higher taste panel scores than did the intact birds for both flavor and juiciness of thigh muscle as well as for flavor and tenderness of breast muscle. (

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Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Caponization on Muscle Composition, Shear Value, ATP Related Compounds and Taste Appraisal in Taiwan Country Chicken Cockerels

Lin¹,

Lin²,

Hsu³

2011

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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“…Shank length measurements were conducted tetraweekly using the method of Lilburn et al (1987) until 28 weeks of age. At 28 weeks of age, after 24 h of feed deprivation, 20 birds from each group were weighed and sacrificed using standard procedures as reported by Koch and Possa (1973). The breast and thigh muscles from both sides of the carcass were removed.…”

Section: Management Of Birds and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Surgical Caponization on Growth Performance, Fiber Diameter and Some Physical Properties of Muscles in Taiwan Country Chicken Cockerels

Lin¹,

Hsu²

2002

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of caponization on the growth performance, breast and thigh muscles physical properties and fiber diameter of the Pectoralis major and Gastrocnemius pars externa in Taiwan country chicken cockerels. Caponized birds were surgically altered at 10 weeks of age. Birds were fed grower and finisher diets ad libitum during an eighteen-week experimental period. The results indicated that the live weight and feed intake in the capons were significantly (p<0.05) higher and the shank length was significantly (p<0.05) longer than in intact birds. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in feed conversion and mortality between two treatments at 28 weeks of age. Compared with intact birds, the capons had greater (p<0.05) tenderness in the breast and thigh muscles. Cohesion of the breast muscle in the capons was significantly (p<0.05) better than in the intact birds, but the thigh muscles were not significantly (p>0.05) affected. No treatment differences (p>0.05) were associated with cooking loss, muscle chewiness, and elasticity. The capons had a significantly (p<0.05) smaller fiber diameter in the Pectoralis major, but were not significantly (p>0.05) different in the fiber diameter of the Gastrocnemius pars externa. It is concluded that castration did not depress growth compared with the intact birds, but did improve muscle tenderness. This difference was most pronounced in the thigh muscles.

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“…This is facilitated by the fusion of these bones in the relatively early stages of growth (Plateau and Foth, 2021). The boundaries between the bones of the avian neurocranium are almost indistinguishable (Koch, 1973;Baumel, 1993). The avian skull consists of two parts, the cranium (neurocranium) and the facial skeleton (viscerocranium).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric study of neurocranium in different male chicken breeds raised in Turkey

2024

Veterinaria

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In the poultry industry, male chicks serve various purposes, depending on the specific production system and market demands, mostly for meat production. In the systems where male chicks are raised for meat production, they may be slaughtered when about six to nine weeks old. The aim of this study was to assess the male neurocranium of different chicken breeds through linear morphometric parameters. The morphometric study was undertaken on 70 skulls of the chicken breeds: 12 Ataks (AT), 12 Sasso (SS), 12 Lohmann Brown (LB), 12 Broiler (BR) and 10 Leghorn (LG) raised in Türkiye. In total, eight linear measurements were determined in accordance with the anatomical structure of the chicken skulls, and two skull indices were calculated. The data revealed that the length and width of the neurocranium of five laying hen breeds are quite similar and longerthan for the Broiler breed (BR). The longest and widest skull belong to the (SS) breed with 43.01±4.05mm and 29.12±2.61mm, respectively. The smallest skull belongs to (BR) breed with length and width of 32.07±3.38mm and 22.44±2.44mm, respectively. The cranial length (Cl) in the (AT) breed is statistically different from the (BR) breed, p<0.001 and (LG) breed, p<0.05. The maximum width of the cranium in all breeds is statistically different, p<0.001 from the (BR) breed, and the (SS) is statistically different from the (BR), p<0.001 and (LG) breed, p<0.01. In conclusion, the data from this study can serve for further research in the similar fields and for the comparative studies on galliform species.

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Anatomy of the Chicken and Domestic Birds

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Caponization on Muscle Composition, Shear Value, ATP Related Compounds and Taste Appraisal in Taiwan Country Chicken Cockerels

Effect of Caponization on Muscle Composition, Shear Value, ATP Related Compounds and Taste Appraisal in Taiwan Country Chicken Cockerels

Effects of Surgical Caponization on Growth Performance, Fiber Diameter and Some Physical Properties of Muscles in Taiwan Country Chicken Cockerels

Morphometric study of neurocranium in different male chicken breeds raised in Turkey

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