Anatomy of the giant fibre pathway inDrosophila. I. Three thoracic components of the pathway

King, David G.; Wyman, Robert J.

doi:10.1007/bf01205017

Cited by 163 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The NPF neuronal projections also innervate contralaterally the subesophageal ganglion, which might be important for regulating feeding and walking (19). NPF-containing arbors were also found in two lateral areas of the lower part of the central brain that appear to harbor the giant commissural interneurons of the giant fiber pathway (20). These data suggest that NPF neurons might coordinately modulate diverse sensory and motor neurons important for feeding, flight, and locomotion (21).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Drosophila neuropeptide F and its receptor, NPFR1, define a signaling pathway that acutely modulates alcohol sensitivity

Wen

Parrish²,

Xu³

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

191

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Alcohol is likely to affect neurons nonselectively, and the understanding of its action in the CNS requires elucidation of underlying neuronal circuits and associated cellular processes. We have identified a Drosophila signaling system, comprising neurons expressing neuropeptide F (NPF, a homolog of mammalian neuropeptide Y) and its receptor, NPFR1, that acutely mediates sensitivity to ethanol sedation. Flies deficient in NPF͞NPFR1 signaling showed decreased alcohol sensitivity, whereas those overexpressing NPF exhibited the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, controlled functional disruption of NPF or NPFR1 neurons in adults rapidly confers resistance to ethanol sedation. Finally, the NPF͞NPFR1 system selectively mediates sedation by ethanol vapor but not diethyl ether, indicating that the observed NPF͞NPFR1 activity reflects a specialized response to alcohol sedation rather than a general response to intoxication by sedative agents. Together, our results provide the molecular and neural basis for the strikingly similar alcohol-responsive behaviors between flies and mammals.acute ethanol response ͉ neuropeptide Y ͉ neuropeptide F receptor A lcohol, a widely abused drug, impacts the functioning of the CNS in diverse animals. The behavioral responses to acute alcohol exposure are remarkably similar among humans, rodents, and even fruit flies. Alcohol induces an excitatory state at lower concentrations but exerts a sedative effect at higher doses (1, 2). The current knowledge about how this drug impacts the functioning of the CNS is rather limited. Ethanol is highly soluble in both water and lipids, and is likely to act on neurons in a nonselective manner. However, the sensitivity of neurons in different neural circuits to this drug may vary greatly (3). Thus, elucidation of neuronal circuits and underlying molecular mechanisms essential for alcohol sensitivity is a prerequisite for understanding how alcohol interferes with the functioning of the CNS.Neuropeptides are a group of chemically diverse signal molecules implicated in modulating a broad spectrum of physiological processes and behaviors (4). Mammalian neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 aa neuromodulator present abundantly in many regions of the CNS, and acts thorough a number of Y receptor subtypes (5). Mice lacking NPY or Y1 displayed increased ethanol consumption and resistance to alcohol sedation, whereas animals overexpressing NPY showed opposite behavioral phenotypes (6, 7). These results provide genetic evidence of a critical role of the NPY signaling system in acute ethanol response. However, the elucidation of the physiological role of the NPY system and the action sites has been difficult largely because of the complexity of mammalian models.NPY family molecules have been found in diverse organisms (8-10). Neuropeptide F (NPF) is the sole member of the NPY family in the Drosophila genome, and its action is mediated by G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors related to mammalian NPY receptors (11). Both NPY and NPF are present prominently, although...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Drosophila neuropeptide F and its receptor, NPFR1, define a signaling pathway that acutely modulates alcohol sensitivity

Wen

Parrish²,

Xu³

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

191

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“…The Drosophila GF system consists of a pair of GF neurons in the brain, each of which sends one giant axon to the thorax to activate different muscle fi bers via two pathways, the di-synaptic TTM and the tri-synaptic DLM pathways [30,31] ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ42 induces age-dependent slowing of neuronal transmission in Drosophila

et al. 2014

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Beta amyloid (Aβ 42 )-induced dysfunction and loss of synapses are believed to be major underlying mechanisms for the progressive loss of learning and memory abilities in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The vast majority of investigations on AD-related synaptic impairment focus on synaptic plasticity, especially the decline of long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission caused by extracellular Aβ 42 . Changes in other aspects of synaptic and neuronal functions are less studied or undiscovered. Here, we report that intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ 42 induced an agedependent slowing of neuronal transmission along pathways involving multiple synapses.

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“…The thoracic portion of the circuit (activated in both long-and short-latency responses) can give information about how mutations affect neural functioning within a network of identified neurons. The TTM branch has a single electrochemical neuronal synapse onto the TTM motoneuron (King and Wyman 1980;Allen et al 1999;Blagburn et al 1999), whereas the DLM branch includes two synapses, an apparent electrochemical synapse of the cervical giant fiber onto the peripherally synapsing interneuron (PSI) neuron (Blagburn et al 1999) and cholinergic synapses of the PSI onto the DLM motoneurons (Gorczyca and Hall 1984; Fig. 1).…”

Section: Latency and Refractory Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stimulating voltage pulses (0.1 ms duration) were given with electrodes in the eyes, and action potentials in flight (DLM) and jump (TTM) muscles were recorded with tungsten electrodes in the thorax. The descending giant fibers conduct signals from sensory afferents in the brain to motor outputs in the thorax, recruiting the TTM motoneuron through an electrochemical synapse and the DLM motoneurons via a disynaptic pathway that includes the PSI interneuron (King and Wyman 1980;Tanouye and Wyman 1980). The giant fiber pathway can be triggered at different points by different stimulus voltages (Fig.…”

Section: Physiology and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

A cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Gene, foraging, Modifies Habituation-Like Response Decrement of the Giant Fiber Escape Circuit in Drosophila

Engel¹,

Xie²,

Sokolowski³

et al. 2000

Learn. Mem.

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The Drosophila giant fiber jump-and-flight escape response is a model for genetic analysis of both the physiology and the plasticity of a sensorimotor behavioral pathway. We previously established the electrically induced giant fiber response in intact tethered flies as a model for habituation, a form of nonassociative learning. Here, we show that the rate of stimulus-dependent response decrement of this neural pathway in a habituation protocol is correlated with PKG (cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase) activity and foraging behavior. We assayed response decrement for natural and mutant rover and sitter alleles of the foraging (for) gene that encodes a Drosophila PKG. Rover larvae and adults, which have higher PKG activities, travel significantly farther while foraging than sitters with lower PKG activities. Response decrement was most rapid in genotypes previously shown to have low PKG activities and sitter-like foraging behavior. We also found differences in spontaneous recovery (the reversal of response decrement during a rest from stimulation) and a dishabituation-like phenomenon (the reversal of response decrement evoked by a novel stimulus). This electrophysiological study in an intact animal preparation provides one of the first direct demonstrations that PKG can affect plasticity in a simple learning paradigm. It increases our understanding of the complex interplay of factors that can modulate the sensitivity of the giant fiber escape response, and it defines a new adult-stage phenotype of the foraging locus. Finally, these results show that behaviorally relevant neural plasticity in an identified circuit can be influenced by a single-locus genetic polymorphism existing in a natural population of Drosophila.Protein kinases play key roles in the activity-dependent modulation of neuronal activity and morphology. Interest in the cGMP-dependent serine/threonine kinase, or PKG, has grown with the awareness of the diversity of biochemical pathways that involve cGMP (Koesling et al.

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Anatomy of the giant fibre pathway inDrosophila. I. Three thoracic components of the pathway

Cited by 163 publications

References 15 publications

Drosophila neuropeptide F and its receptor, NPFR1, define a signaling pathway that acutely modulates alcohol sensitivity

Drosophila neuropeptide F and its receptor, NPFR1, define a signaling pathway that acutely modulates alcohol sensitivity

Intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ42 induces age-dependent slowing of neuronal transmission in Drosophila

A cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Gene, foraging, Modifies Habituation-Like Response Decrement of the Giant Fiber Escape Circuit in Drosophila

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