Anatomy of the Human Seminal Vesicles and Ejaculatory Ducts

Aboul-Azm, T E

doi:10.3109/01485017908988418

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Several studies have described the normal size range of the seminal vesicles using gross anatomical measurements or by transrectal ultrasonography, CT, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using gross anatomy, Aboul‐Azm () reported that the mean length of the seminal vesicles was 50 ± 0.9 mm and the mean thickness 12 ± 0.2 mm. Hoekstra et al () used transrectal ultrasonography and reported that the mean width of the seminal vesicles was 9.7 mm on the right side and 9.3 mm on the left.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical study of the seminal vesicle system for transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy

Liu

et al. 2018

Clinical Anatomy

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Because of a general lack of knowledge regarding the precise anatomy of the seminal vesicle system, efforts to use transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy (TSV) are currently constrained. We investigated 26 normal adult male specimens. Contrast medium was injected into the seminal vesicle system in 18 specimens and the openings of the ejaculatory ducts were examined with an operating microscope. India ink was injected into the urethra in four specimens to investigate the function of the ejaculatory duct valve. Another four specimens were examined histologically to identify the anatomical relationships of the seminal vesicle system. We found that the openings of the ejaculatory ducts were covered by the ejaculatory duct valve, which could be classified into two types and acted as a one-way valve. The apex of the seminal colliculus together with the right and left openings of the ejaculatory ducts formed a shape resembling an isosceles triangle. This could be used to locate the openings of the ejaculatory ducts during TSV. The ejaculatory ducts can be classified into two types according to their course. During surgery, efforts must be made to protect the ejaculatory duct valve. During inspection or surgery, the second segment and the angles of the ejaculatory ducts, particularly in Type I b and Type II cases, require particular attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical study of the seminal vesicle system for transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy

Liu

et al. 2018

Clinical Anatomy

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“…A study of cadaveric and surgical specimens by Nguyen et al () at the University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, USA found that the thick muscle walls of the seminal vesicles are absent in the ejaculatory duct and normal duct dimensions are remarkably uniform among U.S. men. Aboul‐Azm () found that the ampullary vesicular angle of the ejaculatory duct was acute and the duct had anteromedial concavity. Nguyen et al () studied 10 cadaveric prostates and 10 prostates obtained after radical prostatectomy and revealed that ejaculatory ducts course obliquely toward each other as they proceed toward the seminal colliculus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological variations of the human ejaculatory ducts in relation to the prostatic urethra

et al. 2018

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Loss of ejaculation can follow transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Periverumontanal prostate tissue is preserved in ejaculation-preserving TURP (ep-TURP). Knowledge of ejaculatory duct anatomy in relation to the prostatic urethra can help in ep-TURP. This was evaluated in cross-sections of the prostate using a 3 D model to determine a safe zone for resecting the prostate in ep-TURP. A 3 D reconstruction of the ejaculatory ducts was developed on the basis of six prostate gland cross-sections. The measurements obtained from the 3 D model were standardized according to the maximum width of the prostate. Simple linear regressions were used to predict the relationships of the ejaculatory ducts. The maximum widths of the prostates ranged from 22.60 to 52.10 mm. The ejaculatory ducts entered the prostate with a concavity directed posterolaterally. They then proceeded toward the seminal colliculus in a fairly straight course, and from that point they angulated anteromedially. As they opened into the prostatic urethra they diverged. Significant regression models predicted the relationships of the ejaculatory ducts to the prostatic urethra based on the sizes of the prostates. The 3 D anatomy of ejaculatory ducts can be predicted on the basis of prostate width. The ejaculatory ducts can be preserved with 95% accuracy if a block of tissue 7.5 mm from the midline on either side of the seminal colliculus is preserved, up to 10 mm proximal to the level of the seminal colliculus, during TURP. Clin. Anat. 31:456-461, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…In this study of specimens obtained by robotic-assisted laparoscopic dissections, a wide range of seminal vesicle lengths was found (8.5-94.6 mm), much larger than the range reported in autopsies (20-60 mm) [1,2], seminal vesiculograms (27-66 mm) [4], plastic corrosion models (17-59 mm) [3] and transrectal sonography (22-56 mm) [5]. We may attribute this diVerence to the higher pliability of living tissues as compared to corpses, and to the accuracy of trans-peritoneal robotic-assisted dissections even with extremely long seminal vesicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Traditional studies in seminal vesicle anatomy employed dissection of fresh and preserved corpses, seminal vesiculograms and transrectal sonography [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Based on autopsies of 161 men, Calams showed that this is a symmetric organ with a length of 2-5.8 cm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dimensions and symmetry of the seminal vesicles

et al. 2009

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The traditional anatomical description of the seminal vesicles is based on autopsy and imaging studies. Trans-peritoneal robotic-assisted laproscopic surgery, with its three-dimensional magnified view and miniature articulated working instruments, provides an opportunity to perform accurate dissections of the seminal vesicles even when extremely long and tortuous. We used specimens obtained by robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RLRP) for accurate anatomic assessment of the dimensions of the seminal vesicles. Digital photos of 78 specimens from men (mean age 59 ± 6.1 years) who underwent RLRP were analyzed using the Image Pro Plus software. Seminal vesicle dimensions were correlated with patients' age, weight, height, prostate weight, sexual function profile (SHIM) and symptom severity score of the lower urinary tract symptoms (IPSS). We found that the length of the seminal vesicles is highly variable (range of 8.5-94.6 mm). The average seminal vesicle length was 31 ± 10.3 mm and its average volume 7.1 ± 5.2 ml. The right seminal vesicle was significantly larger than the left in length, width and volume (P < 0.003). The seminal vesicles were found to be highly asymmetric with a mean difference of 17.8% in length and 24.9% in width between the sides. No correlation between seminal vesicle dimensions and any of the parameters tested was found. We concluded that the normal human seminal vesicles are characterized by marked (11-fold) variation in length and are asymmetric in most patients. The right seminal vesicle is significantly larger than the left. Seminal vesicle dimensions cannot be predicted from other morphometric or physiologic parameters.

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Anatomy of the Human Seminal Vesicles and Ejaculatory Ducts

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Anatomical study of the seminal vesicle system for transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy

Anatomical study of the seminal vesicle system for transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy

Morphological variations of the human ejaculatory ducts in relation to the prostatic urethra

The dimensions and symmetry of the seminal vesicles

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