Anatomy of the ventricular system: Historical and morphological aspects

Abstract

From the first description of the human ventricular system occurred in the 3rd century B.C. to modern neuronavegated endoscopy, neurosurgical knowledge evolved exponentially allowing safer approaches to the ventricular system. The present paper describes the historical aspects of ventricular system anatomy and its macroscopic and endoscopic anatomy from the Lateral ventricles to the third ventricle, describing in detail its structure and anatomical relationships.

The debated neuroanatomy of the fourth ventricle

“…They were probably based on a relatively new edition of Gray's Anatomy (Mortazavi et al, 2014). In a review of the ventricular system by Dezena et al, while the borders of the other three ventricles were described, the boundaries of the fourth ventricle lacked any reference (Dezena et al, 2020).…”