Anatomy, Physiology, and Immunology of the Lacrimal System

Epífora secundaria a punto lagrimal supernumerario tratada con tapones de vías lagrimales. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura

“…La teoría clásica del mecanismo de bomba que ejerce el saco lagrimal para lograr un adecuado drenaje 6 se ha enriquecido con la teoría basada en estudios anatómicos de cadáveres realizados por Kakizaki, et al 7 , según la cual los canalículos se encuentran divididos en dos compartimentos por el músculo de Horner, y esta relación provoca un alargamiento de los canalículos contribuyendo al mecanismo de bombeo. En el caso de nuestro paciente, la alteración de este mecanismo de bombeo podría ser la causa de la epífora, ya sea disminuyendo la cantidad de lágrima que es capaz de drenar el sistema o provocando reflujo por el punto y el canalículo accesorios.…”

Primary Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma of the Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue of the Lacrimal Sac Found with Epiphora: A Case Report

“…We reported a rare case of a primary MALT lymphoma of the lacrimal sac and documented clinical features in detail. As the lacrimal sac contains lacrimal drainage-associated lymphoid tissue which constitutes part of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [ 5 ], MALT lymphoma may arise in the lacrimal sac. In fact, it is the commonest subtype occupying one third of all primary lacrimal sac lymphomas [ 6 ].…”

Orbital involvement in lacrimal drainage disorders

“…Acute dacryocystitis is defined as “a medical urgency which is clinically characterized by rapid onset of pain, erythema, and swelling, classically below the medial canthal tendon with or without preexisting epiphora mainly resulting from the acute infection of the lacrimal sac and perisac tissues.”[ 1 15 ] Generally, acute dacryocystitis presents with preseptal cellulitis since lacrimal sac is situated anterior to the orbital septum. Posterior extension in the form of orbital cellulitis and orbital abscess can happen if the posterior barriers weaken.…”

“…However, it is situated anterior to the orbital septum and is not considered a part of the orbital tissues. [ 1 ] There are strong attachments of orbital septum to the posterior lacrimal crest, along with other barriers, which prevent the spread of lacrimal pathologies to the orbit. [ 2 ] Lacrimal fascia, posterior limb of medial canthal tendon, deeps heads of preseptal and pretarsal orbicularis are the other barriers which prevent posterior migration of pathologies.…”