Anatoxin‐a, Homoanatoxin‐a, and Natural Analogues

Bruno, Marco; Ploux, Olivier; Metcalf, James S.; Méjean, Annick; Pawlik‐Skowrońska, Barbara; Furey, Ambrose

doi:10.1002/9781119068761.ch13

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…(18). (19) and (20)). The formation of the less reactive HO 2 is competing with the formation of more reactive OH (Table 1).…”

Section: Fenton Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, MC-LR degradation was shown to be signi cantly slower, because Fe 3+ rst is reduced to Fe 2+ by H 2 O 2 (eqs. (19) and (20)) before it eventually produces OH [97]. Besides MC-LR, CYN and ANTX were also shown to be degraded by a Fenton-like system, Furthermore, the spectrum of the irradiation light was also shown to affect MC-LR degradation, as UV-C and solar light were more effective than UV-A [68,100].…”

Section: Fenton Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the absence of sunlight, ANTX can reach a half-life of several days to months. Main degradation products of ANTX and homoanatoxin-a are the notably less toxic dihydro-and epoxy analogues [9,17,20]. Saxitoxins STX, also known as paralytic shell sh toxin, is produced by organisms from different taxonomic kingdoms -eukaryotic dino agellates and prokaryotic cyanobacteria.…”

Section: Anatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of cyanobacterial toxins from drinking water

Schneider

Bláha

2020

Preprint

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Drinking water production faces many different challenges with one of them being naturally produced cyanobacterial toxins. Since pollutants become more abundant and persistent today, conventional water treatment is often no longer sufficient to provide adequate removal. Amongst other emerging technologies, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have a great potential to appropriately tackle this issue. This review addresses the economic and health risks posed by cyanotoxins and discusses their removal from drinking water by AOPs. The current state of knowledge on AOPs and their application for cyanotoxin degradation is synthesized to provide an overview on available techniques and effects of water quality, toxin- and technique-specific parameters on their degradation efficacy. The different AOPs are compared based on their efficiency and applicability, considering economic, practical and environmental aspects and their potential to generate toxic disinfection byproducts. For future research, more relevant studies to include the degradation of less explored cyanotoxins, toxin mixtures in actual surface water, assessment of residual toxicity and scale-up are recommended. Since actual surface water most likely contains more than just cyanotoxins, a multi-barrier approach consisting of a series of different physical, biological and chemical – especially oxidative – treatment steps is inevitable to ensure safe and high quality drinking water.

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“…(18). (19) and (20)). The formation of the less reactive HO 2 is competing with the formation of more reactive OH (Table 1).…”

Section: Fenton Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fenton Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of cyanobacterial toxins from drinking water

Schneider

Bláha

2020

Preprint

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“…Although initially thought to be a rarely produced toxin, an increasing number of species are now known to produce the neurotoxin anatoxin-a (ANTX) and its homologue homoanatoxin-a (HANTX). Producers have been identified from planktonic and benthic environments [ 2 – 5 ]. ANTX and HANTX production is described from heterocytous cyanobacteria e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 4 , 6 – 11 ]. ANTXs have been detected in many freshwater habitats including ponds, lakes and rivers and their presence has been associated with a number of animal poisoning incidents, including birds, cattle and dogs [ 2 , 9 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the anatoxin gene clusters of Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi from Germany, New Zealand, China and Japan

2018

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Anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a are neurotoxic cyanotoxins produced by benthic and planktonic cyanobacteria worldwide. These toxins are produced by the cyanobacterial genera Dolichospermum, Cuspidothrix, Phormidium, Oscillatoria, Tychonema and Cylindrospermum. In the present study the ana gene clusters (anaA-anaG; c. 21.1 kilobases) of two anatoxin producing Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi strains from Germany: (NIVA-CYA 711) and New Zealand (CAWBG02) were sequenced and compared with the ana gene clusters of two C. issatschenkoi strains from Japan (RM-6 and LBRI48) and one from China (CHABD3). All five ana gene clusters are characterized by the same gene order for anaA-anaG. Similarities were highest (99.56–99.57%) between German (NIVA-CYA 711), New Zealand (CAWBG02) and Chinese (CHABD3) strains. Similarities were lower (91.40–91.67%) when compared to the Japanese strains (RM-6 and LBRI48). Collectively, 2,037 variable sites (328 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 9 insertions/deletions, comprising 1,709 nucleotides) were found in the ana gene clusters of the German, New Zealand and Japanese strains compared to the Chinese strain (CHABD3). The ana gene clusters of the German (NIVA-CYA 711), New Zealand (CAWBG02) and Japanese (RM-6 and LBRI48) strains were characterized by 83, 84, 255 and 231 SNP’s compared to the Chinese strain (CHABD3), respectively. The anaE and anaF genes showed the highest variability in all five strains and are recommended as the best genetic markers for further phylogenetic studies of the ana gene cluster from C. issatschenkoi.

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Toxic compounds produced by cyanobacteria belonging to several species of the order Nostocales: A review

Nowruzi

Porzani

2020

J of Applied Toxicology

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Anatoxin‐a, Homoanatoxin‐a, and Natural Analogues

Cited by 20 publications

References 60 publications

Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of cyanobacterial toxins from drinking water

Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of cyanobacterial toxins from drinking water

Variability in the anatoxin gene clusters of Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi from Germany, New Zealand, China and Japan

Toxic compounds produced by cyanobacteria belonging to several species of the order Nostocales: A review

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