Ancaman Hipoksia Bagi Ekosistem Pesisir; Penggunaan Indeks Ammonia-Elphidium (A-E) Sebagai Proksi

Abstract

Hypoxia is one of the aquatic phenomena caused by natural and/or anthropogenic factors. Eutrophication is the main trigger of hypoxia in coastal waters throughout the hemisphere. Hypoxia that occurs in aquatic ecosystems refers to the low concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water column to less than 2 mg/L. Hypoxia causes a double effect, low oxygen supply for biotic physiological process, and triggers ocean acidification. Prolonged hypoxic conditions will have a significant impact on the food webs in coastal waters and sea waters, further conditions will ultimately have an impact on capture-based fishing activities. The case of hypoxia in Indonesian coastal waters has not been widely revealed and has not been a concern to be understood or traced to its existence. Retrospective as well as actual traces of hypoxia were revealed, especially in the waters of Jakarta Bay. The retrospective study was carried out using proxies that have been used in various tropical and subtropical countries, the Ammonia-Elphidium (A-E) index (Foraminifera). The results show that several places in the coastal waters of Jakarta Bay and Semarang have experienced episodic hypoxic events for several centuries. A brief review of phenomenal hypoxic events in other parts of the world and preliminary information on recorded events in several Indonesian coastal waters are expected to open stakeholder awareness about further threats of hypoxia in Indonesian waters.

Management of marine tourism park based on Community Based Management (CBM)

“…Marzaman & Rasyid (2020) mengemukakan bahwa wilayah pesisir bernilai ekonomi tinggi dapat terancam keberlanjutannya jika tidak dikelola sesegera mungkin sehingga diperlukan penanganan tersendiri guna mampu diolah secara terus menerus. Penangkapan ikan dengan bahan peledak, polusi, eksploitasi, kerusakan ekosistem pesisir, sengketa pemanfaatan ruang, tsunami, sedimentasi alami, dan erosi adalah beberapa risiko terhadap status wilayah pesisir (Dahuri et al, 2001;Rositasari, 2001). Dalam pemanfaatannya secara ekonomi dan konservasi lingkungan dapat diseimbangkan secara efektif dengan pengelolaan lingkungan yang terintegrasi (Dewi, 2018).…”

Karakteristik Struktur Komunitas Makrozoobentos Di Perairan Ekosistem Mangrove Gili Lawang, Lombok Timur

“…Namun apabila jumlah bahan organik yang masuk melebihi daya dukung perairan, maka kondisi lingkungan perairan menjadi rusak dan selanjutnya mengganggu kehidupan organisme yang hidup di dalamnya. Bashir et al (2020) dan Rositasari (2020) menyebutkan tingginya konsentrasi bahan organik pada endapan lumpur akan menghasilkan eutrofikasi akibat terjadinya penipisan oksigen terlarut (hipoksia) berkepanjangan yang berpotensi menimbulkan kematian bagi vegetasi dan hewan air lainnya. Hasil penelitian Mateo-Sagasta et al (2017) telah menunjukkan 415 wilayah pesisir teridentifikasi mengalami eutrofikasi dan 169 diantaranya telah mengalami hipoksia.…”

The assessment of demersal fish community structure in Kuala Langsa estuary, Langsa City

“…An estuary is a coastal ecosystem that is between the sea and land (meeting area/ecotone) [20,21], and has its characteristics when compared with coastal ecosystems [20]; both in terms of morphology, physics and as a system as a whole [22]. [23] states that estuaries are divided into 4 types based on their geomorphology, namely estuaries in the form of a drowned river valley (many of which are formed along the coast which have shallow and wide coastal plains), fjord-type estuaries (formed in deep water), estuaries with bar-built estuaries (shallow basins where part of the bottom of the water will appear at low tide) and estuaries formed by volcanic processes (formed from indentations due to geological faults or local subsidence of the earth's surface where this process is generally followed by fresh water in large numbers entering it).…”

“…As stated by [24] estuary areas are very productive, and serve as habitats for various types of coastal and marine biota [25] so they have high biodiversity [22,25,26,27,28]. [29] claimed that the estuary ecosystem is used by biota (particularly fish) as a spawning area, nursery, food storage area, and migration route; in an estuary environment fish are generally euryhaline [20].…”