Ancestral links of Chesapeake Bay region African Americans to specific Bight of Bonny (West Africa) microethnic groups and increased frequency of aggressive breast cancer in both regions

Jackson, Fatimah

doi:10.1002/ajhb.20709

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…African-Americans from this area, and for most of the U.S., have ancestral links to specific regions in West Africa and experience an increased frequency of aggressive breast cancer similar to West African women [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the Tumor Microenvironment between African-American and European-American Breast Cancer Patients

et al. 2009

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BackgroundAfrican-American breast cancer patients experience higher mortality rates than European-American patients despite having a lower incidence of the disease. We tested the hypothesis that intrinsic differences in the tumor biology may contribute to this cancer health disparity.Methods and ResultsUsing laser capture microdissection, we examined genome-wide mRNA expression specific to tumor epithelium and tumor stroma in 18 African-American and 17 European-American patients. Numerous genes were differentially expressed between these two patient groups and a two-gene signature in the tumor epithelium distinguished between them. To identify the biological processes in tumors that are different by race/ethnicity, Gene Ontology and disease association analyses were performed. Several biological processes were identified which may contribute to enhanced disease aggressiveness in African-American patients, including angiogenesis and chemotaxis. African-American tumors also contained a prominent interferon signature. The role of angiogenesis in the tumor biology of African-Americans was further investigated by examining the extent of vascularization and macrophage infiltration in an expanded set of 248 breast tumors. Immunohistochemistry revealed that microvessel density and macrophage infiltration is higher in tumors of African-Americans than in tumors of European-Americans. Lastly, using an in silico approach, we explored the potential of tailored treatment options for African-American patients based on their gene expression profile. This exploratory approach generated lists of therapeutics that may have specific antagonistic activity against tumors of African-American patients, e.g., sirolimus, resveratrol, and chlorpromazine in estrogen receptor-negative tumors.ConclusionsThe gene expression profiles of breast tumors indicate that differences in tumor biology may exist between African-American and European-American patients beyond the knowledge of current markers. Notably, pathways related to tumor angiogenesis and chemotaxis could be functionally different in these two patient groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the Tumor Microenvironment between African-American and European-American Breast Cancer Patients

et al. 2009

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“…Of course, population genetics need not be so narrow in its emphasis and there are examples of interdisciplinary research efforts that integrate these epistemologies (Burke and Press 2011; Jackson 2008; Worsham, Divine, and Kittles 2011). However, some informants suggest that there is a great distance from bench-to-barrio, as suggested by the frank statement, “I don’t care about public health, I care about genetics” (Population geneticist, P04, 150:15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Are Our AIMs? Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Use of Ancestry Estimation in Disease Research

Taylor

Edwards

et al. 2012

AJOB Primary Research

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Background Ancestry estimation serves as a tool to identify genetic contributions to disease but may contribute to racial discrimination and stigmatization. We sought to understand user perspectives on the benefits and harms of ancestry estimation to inform research practice and contribute to debates about the use of race and ancestry in genetics. Methods Key informant interviews with 22 scientists were conducted to examine scientists’ understandings of the benefits and harms of ancestry estimation. Results Three main perspectives were observed among key informant scientists who use ancestry estimation in genetic epidemiology research. Population geneticists self identified as educators who controlled the meaning and application of ancestry estimation in research. Clinician-researchers were optimistic about the application of ancestry estimation to individualized risk assessment and personalized medicine. Epidemiologists remained ambivalent toward ancestry estimation and suggested a continued role for race in their research. Conclusions We observed an imbalance of control over the meaning and application of ancestry estimation among disciplines that may result in unwarranted or premature translation of ancestry estimation into medicine and public health. Differences in disciplinary perspectives need to be addressed if translational benefits of genetic ancestry estimation are to be realized.

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“…Which health conditions vary by race? Leaving aside the question of whether researchers are measuring race appropriately (Cobb et al 2016), cardiovascular disease and breast cancer are the conditions most commonly studied with respect to racial difference (Jackson 2008;Littrell 2008). There is well-documented racial variation in propensity to experience obesity, asthma, sickle cell anemia, lactose intolerance, alcohol intolerance, depression, and diabetes.…”

Section: Racial Disparities In Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Doctors’ Perceptions of Multiracial Adolescents

Herman

2022

Social Sciences

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Perceptions of race influence the way health care is delivered to minority populations, particularly multiracial people. Currently only 11% of American physicians are Black or Latinx, making the chances slim that Black and Latinx patients will be treated by a co-ethnic. White supremacy is well documented in the medical literature—along with efforts to combat it—yet medical education and health care are still largely based on studies by and about white people. This privileging of whiteness is increasingly evident as the COVID-19 pandemic has shone a renewed spotlight on disparities in health and care in the U.S. The current study considers how doctors perceive race and use it to make healthcare decisions. Among the (N = 509) doctors in this sample, few said they considered the patient’s race. Of those who did, many determined race by some method other than asking the patient directly. The most common methods were observing skin tone and observing cultural cues. Doctors perceived nearly half the multiracial targets as monoracial. Targets who followed the norm of hypodescent were significantly more likely to be identified congruently by doctors. Targets who identified at the extremes of the color spectrum (black and white) were easier to identify, while the beige tones in the middle of the spectrum were more challenging. Patient ancestry was the most relevant criterion in explaining the congruence of racial identification between patients and doctors, while characteristics of the doctors were nearly irrelevant.

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Ancestral links of Chesapeake Bay region African Americans to specific Bight of Bonny (West Africa) microethnic groups and increased frequency of aggressive breast cancer in both regions

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Differences in the Tumor Microenvironment between African-American and European-American Breast Cancer Patients

Differences in the Tumor Microenvironment between African-American and European-American Breast Cancer Patients

What Are Our AIMs? Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Use of Ancestry Estimation in Disease Research

Doctors’ Perceptions of Multiracial Adolescents

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