“…Flexible and wearable strain sensors are generally composed of conductive sensing elements (e.g., carbon materials, metal-organic frameworks) coupled with stretchable substrate materials (e.g., silicone rubber, fiber). [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17] However, harsh environments can lead to material degradation, fatigue and failure. [18,19] To protect sensing materials from harsh environments, state-of-the-art strain sensors (commercial such as Electrovac co. ltd or laboratory-based) usually apply plastic seals/coatings.…”