Ancient agriculture in Southeast Arabia: A three thousand year record of runoff farming from central Oman (Rustaq)

Purdue, Louise; Kennet, Derek; Garnier, Aline; Parton, Ash; Djerbi, Hatem; Boţan, Sever-Petru; Herveux, Linda; Davtian, Gourguen; Carré, Alain; Moger, D.; al-Jahwari, N.

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2021.105406

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…While little documentation exists regarding the presence of P. vivax in Oman beyond the early 1900s, there is evidence of agriculture in some regions of Oman dating back to the first millennium AD 90 . Agriculture has been linked to malaria transmission in several countries [91][92][93] , and P. vivax may have been present in Oman by the time Fy ES was introduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulations of more recent introductions do not match observed summary statistics for tract length distribution, whereas simulations under models from 50-75 generations match well. While little documentation exists regarding the presence of P. vivax in Oman beyond the early 1900s, there is evidence of agriculture in some regions of Oman dating back to the first millennium AD 90 . Agriculture has been linked to malaria transmission in several countries 91–93 , and P. vivax may have been present in Oman by the time Fy ES was introduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive admixture atACKR1(the Duffy locus) may have shapedPlasmodium vivaxprevalence in Oman

Haffener,

Al-Riyami,

Al-Zadjali

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Malaria in humans is largely caused by two divergent species of Plasmodium parasites, P. vivax and P. falciparum, both of which have driven the spread of protective alleles in human populations. Notably, an erythrocyte-specific Duffy null allele (FyES) confers resistance to P. vivax malaria and has been identified as a target of strong, recent positive selection in multiple African admixed populations. Here, we evaluate evidence for selection via adaptive admixture in Oman, where compared to neighboring countries, P. vivax has recently been less common. Genetic ancestry inference using whole genome sequence data from 100 Omanis suggests 9.8% (95% CI: 7.3-12.2%) of their genetic ancestry is shared with east Africa. At the Duffy locus, we find a high frequency of FyES and an increase to 76% African ancestry. Comparing with blood group serology for the same individuals, we identify an additional Duffy-null allele that is rare but present across multiple Arabian Peninsula (AP) populations. Finally, we estimate the selection coefficient at FyES as 0.031 (95% CI: 0.029-0.034) with likely introduction at least 59 generations ago, older than estimates in other African admixed populations. Although we also observe higher frequency of some P. falciparum-protective alleles in Oman than in other AP populations, African ancestry is not enriched indicating a lack of evidence for adaptive admixture driven by P. falciparum selective pressure. Together, our analyses suggest that Oman's long history with east African populations resulted in early introduction and selection for Duffy null alleles and may have influenced the prevalence of P. vivax in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive admixture atACKR1(the Duffy locus) may have shapedPlasmodium vivaxprevalence in Oman

Haffener,

Al-Riyami,

Al-Zadjali

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The significance of oasis agriculture extends beyond food production. Oases serve as important ecosystems supporting diverse habitats for flora and fauna (Purdue et al, 2021;Merlo, 2024). These green areas often act as refuges for local fauna, sustaining biodiversity in territories where life would otherwise be challenging (Amini et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oasis agriculture revitalization and carbon sequestration for climate-resilient communities

Dhawi,

Aleidan

2024

Front. Agron.

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Revitalizing oasis agriculture, an age-old human endeavor, has historically played a crucial role in sustaining biodiversity and ecosystems in arid regions. Nevertheless, this enduring practice now faces contemporary challenges, including global warming, water scarcity, soil erosion, and negative human activities associated with urbanization. This comprehensive review delves into diverse literature across disciplines, covering topics such as water conservation, biodiversity restoration, agroforestry, and Oasis Holistic Management, with the aim of addressing these challenges. The analysis strongly advocates for the urgent adoption of sustainable practices, including precision irrigation, polyculture, organic farming, agroforestry, and community-based initiatives, to ensure the survival of oasis agriculture and foster long-term environmental and social responsibility. The study underscores the imperative need for the development of “comprehensive, flexible, and forward-looking management strategies” to guide the sustainable revival of oasis farming. By consolidating information from various studies, it lays the groundwork for informed decision-making and policy formulation. As part of revitalizing the oasis agricultural ecosystem and addressing the global climate crisis, we propose a noninvasive tool for assessing carbon sequestration effectiveness based on tree specifications. Recognizing the pivotal role of vegetation in mitigating the ecological impact and facing global crises, we explored parameters influencing plant carbon sequestration, including biomass production, growth rate, longevity, root structure, leaf structure, and average temperature tolerance.

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Human Impacts

Goudie

2022

Desert Landscapes of the World With Google Earth

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Ancient agriculture in Southeast Arabia: A three thousand year record of runoff farming from central Oman (Rustaq)

Cited by 7 publications

References 87 publications

Adaptive admixture atACKR1(the Duffy locus) may have shapedPlasmodium vivaxprevalence in Oman

Adaptive admixture atACKR1(the Duffy locus) may have shapedPlasmodium vivaxprevalence in Oman

Oasis agriculture revitalization and carbon sequestration for climate-resilient communities

Human Impacts

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