Ancient DNA from polynesian rats: Extraction, amplification and sequence from single small bones

Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth; Allen, John S.; Ladefoged, Thegn N.; Roberts, Roxanne M.; Lambert, David M.

doi:10.1002/elps.1150180908

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Five hundred and eighty-two base pairs, positions 15,458-16,039 of the dog mitochondrial genome (12), were analyzed. Archaeological samples were analyzed as described by Matisoo-Smith et al (13) by using primers L15910 and H16498 [described by DeSalle et al (14)] and sequenced from at least two independent PCRs to validate polymorphic positions. A total of 263 bp, positions 15,458-15,720, was analyzed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A detailed picture of the origin of the Australian dingo, obtained from the study of mitochondrial DNA

Savolainen

Leitner

Wilton

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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273

261

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To determine the origin and time of arrival to Australia of the dingo, 582 bp of the mtDNA control region were analyzed in 211 Australian dingoes sampled in all states of Australia, 676 dogs from all continents, and 38 Eurasian wolves, and 263 bp were analyzed in 19 pre-European archaeological dog samples from Polynesia. We found that all mtDNA sequences among dingoes were either identical to or differing by a single substitution from a single mtDNA type, A29. This mtDNA type, which was present in >50% of the dingoes, was found also among domestic dogs, but only in dogs from East Asia and Arctic America, whereas 18 of the 19 other types were unique to dingoes. The mean genetic distance to A29 among the dingo mtDNA sequences indicates an origin Ϸ5,000 years ago. From these results a detailed scenario of the origin and history of the dingo can be derived: dingoes have an origin from domesticated dogs coming from East Asia, possibly in connection with the Austronesian expansion into Island Southeast Asia. They were introduced from a small population of dogs, possibly at a single occasion, and have since lived isolated from other dog populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A detailed picture of the origin of the Australian dingo, obtained from the study of mitochondrial DNA

Savolainen

Leitner

Wilton

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

273

261

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“…DNA was extracted from bones by using a modified silica͞ guanidinium thiocyanate method (10). Fresh tissues were extracted as described (9).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and dispersals of Pacific peoples: Evidence from mtDNA phylogenies of the Pacific rat

Matisoo-Smith

Robins

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

217

127

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The human settlement of the Pacific in general, and the origin of the Polynesians in particular, have been topics of debate for over two centuries. Polynesian origins are most immediately traced to people who arrived in the Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa region Ϸ3,000 B.P. and are clearly associated with the Lapita Cultural Complex. Although this scenario of the immediate origins of the Polynesians is generally accepted, the debate on the ultimate origin of the Polynesians and the Lapita cultural complex continues. Our previous research has shown that analyses of mtDNA variation in the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans), often transported as a food item in the colonizing canoes, are valuable for tracing prehistoric human migration within Polynesia. Here we present mtDNA phylogenies based on Ϸ240 base pairs of the D-loop from both archaeological and modern samples collected from Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific. We identify three major haplogroups, two of which occur in the Pacific. Comparing our results with Lapita models of Oceanic settlement, we are able to reject two often cited but simplistic models, finding support instead for multifaceted models incorporating a more complex view of the Lapita intrusion. This study is unique and valuable in that R. exulans is the only organism associated with the Lapita dispersal for which there are sufficient ancient and extant populations available for genetic analysis. By tracking population changes through time, we can understand more fully the settlement process and population interactions in both Near and Remote Oceania.Oceania ͉ Lapita ͉ prehistory ͉ ancient DNA ͉ phylogeography

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“…The drill site was cleaned with 70% ethanol to remove dust and particulate matter prior to drilling (see Pichler et al 2001 for further information). The silica-based method of Höss and Pääbo (1993) was used to extract DNA from this material, with the addition of a proteinase-K digestion step at the beginning of the procedure to increase yields (Matisoo-Smith et al 1997). Previously, these methods had been used to extract DNA from bone powder from the holotype specimen.…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

APPEARANCE, DISTRIBUTION, AND GENETIC DISTINCTIVENESS OF LONGMAN'S BEAKED WHALE, INDOPACETUS PACIFICUS

Dalebout

Baker

Anderson

et al. 2003

Marine Mammal Science

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Longman's beaked whale, Indopacetus pacificus, was known previously from only two skulls. Here we describe four new specimens of this species from strandings in the western and central Indian Ocean. Two juveniles, previously misidentified from external morphology as Hyperoodon planifrons, were identified as I. pacificus through diagnostic characteristics of mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences derived from the holotype of this species. Images of the external appearance and teeth of the species are presented for the first time. Comparison of the color pattern of these new specimens with that of “tropical bottlenose whales” sighted in the tropical Indian and Pacific oceans confirm that those unidentified whales represent I. pacificus. Moore (1968) erected a new genus, Indopacetus, for this species (described initially as Mesoplodon pacificus) based primarily on cranial morphology. Phylogenetic analyses of short mtDNA fragments available from the specimens known to date were unable to resolve the validity of this genus. However, the diagnostic osteological features highlighted by Moore (1968) for Indopacetus were also observed in the new specimens. Rib count and number of fused cervical vertebrae may also be diagnostic. Rostrum depth at mid‐length and melon shape further distinguish this species from Mesoplodon beaked whales. As such, we see no reason on morphological grounds to overturn Moore's (1968) proposal that Longman's beaked whale is sufficiently distinct to be afforded its own genus.

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Ancient DNA from polynesian rats: Extraction, amplification and sequence from single small bones

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

A detailed picture of the origin of the Australian dingo, obtained from the study of mitochondrial DNA

A detailed picture of the origin of the Australian dingo, obtained from the study of mitochondrial DNA

Origins and dispersals of Pacific peoples: Evidence from mtDNA phylogenies of the Pacific rat

APPEARANCE, DISTRIBUTION, AND GENETIC DISTINCTIVENESS OF LONGMAN'S BEAKED WHALE, INDOPACETUS PACIFICUS

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