Ancient Maya Mosaic Mirrors: Function, Symbolism, and Meaning

Abstract

This paper examines the composite lithic artifacts of the ancient Maya commonly termed “mirrors.” Typically flat, shiny objects with polished iron-ore polygons fitted in a mosaic pattern onto a slate backing, we assess these plaques for the technological, spatiotemporal, and functional contexts of their manufacture. Data from over 500 archaeological specimens, from dozens of Maya sites in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras, were examined as part of this study. We also consider the iconography, epigraphy, and possible symbolism of these curious artifacts. Based on this analysis, we conclude that ancient Maya mosaic mirrors were employed in rituals, often by elite individuals, as both symbols of authority but also, importantly, as possible mystical devices for divinatory “scrying.” They were highly valued, often beautifully made, reflective ceremonial objects whose possible use for prognostication in shamanic rites likely has great antiquity in Mesoamerica.

The Ancient Shell Collectors: Two Millennia of Marine Shell Exchange at Ceibal, Guatemala

“…Two individuals at El Vivero and Paso de la Amada in the Soconusco area of southwest Mexico were found with mirrors on their foreheads made of mica sheets attached to a ceramic disk backing, but these dated to the Early Formative (Preclassic) period (Clarke 1991:20–21) and likely had no association with the mica-filled oyster at Ceibal. Reflective objects and mirrors are believed to have served as markers of elite status and as possible implements of divination, allowing one to perceive an alternate, and perhaps supernatural, reality (Healy and Blainey 2011). The Ceibal oyster “mirror” may have served a similar function, considering it was found near the Terminal Classic palace.…”

A Linha Da Dobra. Ensaio De Cosmologia Mesoamericana

“…Os espelhos pré-colombianos são frequentemente formados por um mosaico de peças de pirita ou hematita (por exemplo, cf. Healy & Blainey 2011). Os deuses pré-colombianos maias são representados -especialmente quando o são de maneira antropomór-fica -constelados de pequenos espelhos por todo o corpo (Rivera 1999).…”

Manufacturing Techniques of Pyrite Inlays in Mesoamerica

“…Even though researchers long ago recognized the complexity and symbolism implied in the use of these intriguing items, little research exists regarding their social significance, function, or the precise steps in the manufacturing process that produced them. Lately, the importance of pre-Hispanic mirrors as prestige and/or magical-ritualistic items has been coming under increased discussion, as have the more technological aspects of mirror manufacture (Blainey 2007;Gallaga 2001Gallaga , 2009Healy and Blainey 2011;Pereira 2008;Salinas 1995). The advancement of the current research…”