Ancient mitochondrial DNA from the middle neolithic necropolis of Obernai extends the genetic influence of the LBK to west of the Rhine

Rivollat, Maïté; Réveillas, Hélène; Mendisco, Fanny; Pémonge, Marie‐Hélène; Justeau, Pierre; Couture, Christine; Lefranc, Philippe; Féliu, Clément; Deguilloux, Marie‐France

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23055

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Among these individuals, 18 complete and authenticated HVS-I sequences (or haplotypes; see the details in S1 Table) could be characterized. An exceptionally high mtDNA typing success rate (95.5% of human remains) is noteworthy for the Gougenheim site, consistent with the previous good results from the region [17]. Nevertheless, no Y chromosome SNP profile could be determined, questioning the conservation of nuclear DNA in the region.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

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Multi-scale ancient DNA analyses confirm the western origin of Michelsberg farmers and document probable practices of human sacrifice

et al. 2017

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In Europe, the Middle Neolithic is characterized by an important diversification of cultures. In northeastern France, the appearance of the Michelsberg culture has been correlated with major cultural changes and interpreted as the result of the settlement of new groups originating from the Paris Basin. This cultural transition has been accompanied by the expansion of particular funerary practices involving inhumations within circular pits and individuals in “non-conventional” positions (deposited in the pits without any particular treatment). If the status of such individuals has been highly debated, the sacrifice hypothesis has been retained for the site of Gougenheim (Alsace). At the regional level, the analysis of the Gougenheim mitochondrial gene pool (SNPs and HVR-I sequence analyses) permitted us to highlight a major genetic break associated with the emergence of the Michelsberg in the region. This genetic discontinuity appeared to be linked to new affinities with farmers from the Paris Basin, correlated to a noticeable hunter-gatherer legacy. All of the evidence gathered supports (i) the occidental origin of the Michelsberg groups and (ii) the potential implication of this migration in the progression of the hunter-gatherer legacy from the Paris Basin to Alsace / Western Germany at the beginning of the Late Neolithic. At the local level, we noted some differences in the maternal gene pool of individuals in "conventional" vs. "non-conventional" positions. The relative genetic isolation of these sub-groups nicely echoes both their social distinction and the hypothesis of sacrifices retained for the site. Our investigation demonstrates that a multi-scale aDNA study of ancient communities offers a unique opportunity to disentangle the complex relationships between cultural and biological evolution.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…BC) [16]. The first mitochondrial DNA data (mtDNA) obtained from the Middle Neolithic Grossgartach / Roessen groups confirmed their cultural and genetic continuity with LBK groups from Central Europe [17]. Around 4,400 cal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale ancient DNA analyses confirm the western origin of Michelsberg farmers and document probable practices of human sacrifice

et al. 2017

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“…The change observed by us in form of introduction of U5b haplotypes is most probably the result of gene flow from HG populations. This idea, proposed also for populations from western fringe of LDN populations [30], pushes back in time the resurgence of HG maternal lineages seen by others in TRB populations [20]. The nature of this flow might be, to some extent, explained by what we know about social and migration behaviors of Danubians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, several of them belong to U5b and U5a haplogroup [30, 31, 61] which is thought to be a part of HG component of the European gene pool. The relatively similar frequency of U5b haplogroup, found in populations belonging to both the LDN and the TRB complex seems to be responsible for drawing them closer together in our analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contacts between Danubian and HG communities that led to gradual change of their economy and material culture seen by archaeologists seem to have no impact on the genetic composition of both communities. However, sparse occurrences of typical HG haplogroups found in late Danubian populations [30, 31], indicate that some degree of genetic influx occurred between those populations. The samples coming from the TRB complex also were the focus of the researches, who found out that they genetically differed slightly from LBK individuals [20, 22], with whole genome data showing higher HG component in the TRB [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Danubian mitochondrial genomes shed light into the Neolithisation of Central Europe in the 5th millennium BC

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRecent aDNA studies are progressively focusing on various Neolithic and Hunter - Gatherer (HG) populations, providing arguments in favor of major migrations accompanying European Neolithisation. The major focus was so far on the Linear Pottery Culture (LBK), which introduced the Neolithic way of life in Central Europe in the second half of 6th millennium BC. It is widely agreed that people of this culture were genetically different from local HGs and no genetic exchange is seen between the two groups. From the other hand some degree of resurgence of HGs genetic component is seen in late Neolithic groups belonging to the complex of the Funnel Beaker Cultures (TRB). Less attention is brought to various middle Neolithic cultures belonging to Late Danubian sequence which chronologically fall in between those two abovementioned groups. We suspected that genetic influx from HG to farming communities might have happened in Late Danubian cultures since archaeologists see extensive contacts between those two communities.ResultsHere we address this issue by presenting 5 complete mitochondrial genomes of various late Danubian individuals from modern-day Poland and combining it with available published data. Our data show that Late Danubian cultures are maternally closely related to Funnel Beaker groups instead of culturally similar LBK.ConclusionsWe assume that it is an effect of the presence of individuals belonging to U5 haplogroup both in Late Danubians and the TRB. The U5 haplogroup is thought to be a typical for HGs of Europe and therefore we argue that it is an additional evidence of genetic exchange between farming and HG groups taking place at least as far back as in middle Neolithic, in the Late Danubian communities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0924-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Simulated patterns of mitochondrial diversity are consistent with partial population turnover in Bronze Age Central Europe

Broccard

Silva

Currat

2021

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives: The analysis of ancient mitochondrial DNA from osteological remains has challenged previous conclusions drawn from the analysis of mitochondrial DNA from present populations, notably by revealing an absence of genetic continuity between the Neolithic and modern populations in Central Europe. Our study investigates how to reconcile these contradictions at the mitochondrial level using a modeling approach. Materials and Methods:We used a spatially explicit computational framework to simulate ancient and modern DNA sequences under various evolutionary scenarios of post Neolithic demographic events and compared the genetic diversity of the simulated and observed mitochondrial sequences. We investigated which-if any-scenarios were able to reproduce statistics of genetic diversity similar to those observed, with a focus on the haplogroup N1a, associated with the spread of early Neolithic farmers.Results: Demographic fluctuations during the Neolithic transition or subsequent demographic collapses after this period, that is, due to epidemics such as plague, are not sufficient to explain the signal of population discontinuity detected on the mitochondrial DNA in Central Europe. Only a scenario involving a substantial genetic input due to the arrival of migrants after the Neolithic transition, possibly during the Bronze Age, is compatible with observed patterns of genetic diversity.Discussion: Our results corroborate paleogenomic studies, since out of the alternative hypotheses tested, the best one that was able to recover observed patterns of mitochondrial diversity in modern and ancient Central European populations was one were immigration of populations from the Pontic steppes during the Bronze Age was explicitly simulated.

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Ancient mitochondrial DNA from the middle neolithic necropolis of Obernai extends the genetic influence of the LBK to west of the Rhine

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Multi-scale ancient DNA analyses confirm the western origin of Michelsberg farmers and document probable practices of human sacrifice

Multi-scale ancient DNA analyses confirm the western origin of Michelsberg farmers and document probable practices of human sacrifice

Late Danubian mitochondrial genomes shed light into the Neolithisation of Central Europe in the 5th millennium BC

Simulated patterns of mitochondrial diversity are consistent with partial population turnover in Bronze Age Central Europe

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