“…Moreover, how terrestrial ecosystems were affected during the EPME is still highly controversial ( Benton and Newell, 2014;Gastaldo, 2019). Terrestrial tetrapods and plants are considered to have been severely affected by the EPME mostly based on diversity and taxonomic composition (Benton and Newell, 2014;Viglietti et al, 2021); however, such mass extinction was questioned by a more comprehensive dataset of plant macro-and microfossils (Gastaldo, 2019;Nowak et al, 2019). Similarly, Permian insects are thought to have suffered a significant extinction (Labandeira and Sepkoski, 1993;Béthoux et al, 2005;Labandeira, 2005;Condamine et al, 2020;Condamine et al, 2016), but this was not supported by other molecular phylogenetic and fossil record analyses (Ponomarenko, 2016;Dmitriev et al, 2018;Montagna et al, 2019;Schachat et al, 2019).…”