Ancient Rhamnaceae flowers impute an origin for flowering plants exceeding 250-million-years ago

He, Tianhua; Lamont, Byron B.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104642

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…conditions are otherwise suitable (Figure 1). Physical dormancy appears to have preceded physiological dormancy historically and there is a high probability that hard seeds were already present in the Rhamnaceae as far back as its estimated crown age of 260 million years ago (He & Lamont, 2022). The sources of physical-dormancy release can be categorized as heat and other stimuli (non-heat).…”

Section: Physical Dormancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical dormancy is that type of inherent dormancy where the seed coat is impermeable to water and/or oxygen such that metabolism cannot occur and the seed cannot germinate even if hydrothermal conditions are otherwise suitable (Figure 1). Physical dormancy appears to have preceded physiological dormancy historically (Pausas & Lamont, 2022) and there is a high probability that hard seeds were already present in the Rhamnaceae as far back as its estimated crown age of 260 million years ago (He & Lamont, 2022). The sources of physical‐dormancy release can be categorized as heat and other stimuli (non‐heat).…”

Section: Dormancy Classes and Release Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed dormancy revisited: Dormancy‐release pathways and environmental interactions

Lamont

Pausas

2023

Functional Ecology

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1. Many internal (inherent) and environmental (imposed) factors control seed dormancy and germination that we divide into three basic dormancy-release pathways: Maternal structures and embryo physiology control inherent dormancy that is broken by various types of scarification and physiological changes, followed by imposed-dormancy release when the prevailing environment is replaced by certain 'standard' conditions that stimulate germination (Pathway 1); imposed dormancy prevails even if inherent dormancy is broken or not applicable that is released when replaced by certain 'standard' environmental conditions which stimulate germination (Pathway 2); and release from inherent dormancy by light/ dark or cold stratification is contingent on the pre-existence of certain environmental conditions that stimulate germination (Pathway 3).2. On-plant seed storage (serotiny) and frugivorous seeds are recognized here as representing special types of physical dormancy, as their properties are consistent with those of hard diaspores. Warm stratification does not require seeds to be moist as it is just a physical response. Heat may promote germination of non-hard, as well as hard, seeds as it may increase their permeability further.3. Levels of germination gauge the net effect of inherent-and imposed-dormancy release so that it is only possible to identify the extent of inherent-dormancy release when conditions for germination are optimal (imposed dormancy has been annulled). While imposed dormancy may be protracted after inherent dormancy is broken by heat or chilling during the dry or cold seasons, release from both states may effectively coincide if smoke chemicals or light are received during the (wet) growing season.4. We suggest reserving the term secondary dormancy for seeds that return to (inherent or imposed) dormancy due to changed environmental conditions. Under seasonal climates, fluctuations in environmental conditions can lead to secondary dormancy and even dormancy cycling. 5. We recognize four types of functional interactions between any two environmental factors that induce inherent-dormancy release: binary interactions are ineffective, only one stimulus is effective, both are effective but non-additive, or | 1107Functional Ecology LAMONT and PAUSAS

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Section: Physical Dormancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dormancy Classes and Release Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%