Andalusite: An amazing refractory raw material with excellent corrosion resistance to sodium vapours

Prigent, Pascal; Bouchetou, Marie-Laure; Poirier, Jacques

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.03.024

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…After decomposition, the material ends up with a matrix of rod-like mullite particles with SiO2 filling the voids, denoted mullitised andalusite [3,17]. The heat treated refractory material is thus consisting of a combination of mullite and SiO2, corresponding to the X-ray analysis presented in Figure 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Spent Refractory Lining in an Anode Baking Furnace

et al. 2017

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The refractory lining in anode baking furnaces is exposed to harsh chemical environment and thermal cycling. Spent refractory lining from an anode baking furnace after 4000 days in operation was investigated. Variation in the density and porosity across the bricks revealed that carbon build up in pores had taken place towards the anode side. The spent refractory bricks were investigated with respect to chemical and mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. No significant change in the mineralogical composition across the brick could be detected by Xray diffraction. Fluoride was not found in the bricks, while traces of sodium was shown to accumulate together with other impurities in the bricks. The changes in the chemical and mineralogical composition across the bricks are discussed in relation to possible chemical reactions taking place during anode baking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Spent Refractory Lining in an Anode Baking Furnace

et al. 2017

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“…Alkali compounds (Na 2 O and K 2 O) are typical volatile compounds present in the electric arc furnace dust (de Buzin, Heck and Vilela. 2017; Sofilic´ et al, 2004;Prigent, Bouchetou, and Poirier, 2011). Similar to FeO, these materials also lower the liquidus temperatures of the deposited materials, and would thus contribute to accelerated wear of refractory bricks (Prigent, Bouchetou, and Poirier, 2011).…”

Section: Characterization Of Raw Materials and Reclaimed Bricksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2017; Sofilic´ et al, 2004;Prigent, Bouchetou, and Poirier, 2011). Similar to FeO, these materials also lower the liquidus temperatures of the deposited materials, and would thus contribute to accelerated wear of refractory bricks (Prigent, Bouchetou, and Poirier, 2011). Prigent, Bouchetou, and Poirier (2011) investigated the corrosion of alumina raww materials by sodium vapours.…”

Section: Characterization Of Raw Materials and Reclaimed Bricksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of reclaimed bauxite on andalusite-based refractory castables for tundish applications

Matinde¹,

Msibi²

2019

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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The robust nature of alumina refractory materials presents opportunities for their in-process reclaiming and re-use in non-critical applications. Virgin refractories can be substituted with different quantities of reclaimed materials without compromising the quality of the refractory products. In this study, the effect of reclaimed bauxite on andalusite-containing refractory castables for tundish applications was investigated. The recycled bauxite was formulated in different proportions to replace virgin andalusite in the castables. Standard tests were conducted to evaluate the physical, physicochemical, and thermochemical properties of the formulated products. Static corrosion tests were conducted using tundish slag in order to simulate the actual operating conditions. The results show that the standard flow behaviour, open porosity, and bulk density of samples containing up to 22 mass% reclaimed bauxite were comparable to those of the reference castable. However, high-temperature properties such as static corrosion at 1400°C and hot modulus of rupture at 1500°C indicated that there is an upper constraint to the amount of substitution. The study demonstrated direct potential savings of up to 10% when the reclaimed alumina replacement ratio was increased to 22 mass%.

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“…The green anodes are made of a mixture of petroleum coke, recycled anode butts and coal tar pitch, which are subjected to heat treatment (baking) in anode baking furnaces . The fabrication of prebaked carbon anodes is fairly similar from plant to plant, however with the furnace design having two major configurations; ie, open and closed top . The main construction element in the anode baking furnace is the refractory flue wall, which separates the anodes from the flue gas during operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flue walls consist mostly of alumina and silica, with some variations in alumina to silica ratio. Due to the harsh operational conditions in the furnace during baking, the refractory flue walls degrade over time . One contributor to this degradation is the thermal cycling, ranging from room temperature to 1200°C in each baking cycle lasting ~14‐17 days, giving rise to thermal induced stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autopsy of refractory lining in anode kilns with open and closed design

Brandvik

Wang

Ratvik

et al. 2018

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Aluminosilicate refractory lining constitutes a major part of anode baking kilns, and during anode baking the lining is exposed to harsh conditions which limits the lifetime. Here, autopsies of refractory linings from both an open and closed top furnace are reported aiming to determine the microstructural and mineralogical changes in the lining during operation. Significant variations in density and porosity were observed, both across the brick cross sections, but also for the vertical position in the lining. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the bricks were investigated by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Only minor changes in the mineralogical composition of the materials were observed, and sodium originating from green anodes was only observed to a minor degree. Evidence of silicon oxide transport from the lower to the upper part of the linings was observed, reflecting the changes in reducing-oxidizing conditions during an anode baking cycle. The main degradation mechanisms in these linings were due to densification of the material over time, particularly the uneven densification across a lining wall. The present findings are discussed and related to the main differences in the two furnace designs. K E Y W O R D Saluminosilicates, chemical durability, refractories

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Andalusite: An amazing refractory raw material with excellent corrosion resistance to sodium vapours

Cited by 37 publications

References 4 publications

Investigation of Spent Refractory Lining in an Anode Baking Furnace

Investigation of Spent Refractory Lining in an Anode Baking Furnace

Effect of reclaimed bauxite on andalusite-based refractory castables for tundish applications

Autopsy of refractory lining in anode kilns with open and closed design

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