Andiroba oil (Carapa guianensisAubl) shows cytotoxicity but no mutagenicity in the ACPP02 gastric cancer cell line

Abstract

Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl) is an Amazonian plant whose oil has been widely used in traditional medicine for various purposes, including anti‐inflammation. Research reports indicate that the oil can confer antitumor activity due to the presence of fatty acids, which can directly influence cell death mechanisms. Thus, andiroba oil (AO) has gained interest for its potential to be used in antineoplastic therapies. Here, we report an in vitro analysis of the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of AO in the gastric cancer cell line, ACP02. Cell survival was assessed by the MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, differential staining with ethidium bromide and acridine orange assessed apoptosis‐necrosis, and mutagenesis was assessed by the micronucleus test. The apolar oil was first diluted in 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then further diluted to six concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL and 1 mg/mL) in RPMI medium. Controls included RPMI alone (negative control) and 0.1% DMSO diluted in medium (vehicle control). The MTT test showed that AO significantly reduced cell viability (P < .05) only when the highest tested concentration was applied for 48 hours. The apoptosis/necrosis test showed that the highest concentration of AO induced cell death by apoptosis at 24 and 48 hours. There was no statistically significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei. The ability of the AO to decrease the viability of ACP02 cells via apoptosis, without exerting mutagenic effects, suggests that the oil could be useful as an alternative therapeutic agent for primary tumors of stomach cancer.

In vitro antiviral effect of ethanolic extracts from Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach against goat lentivirus in colostrum and milk

“…In the evaluation of the viability of OTE cells via the MTT test, it was shown that the extracts of both Meliaceae and their respective fractions at the dosage tested did not cause toxicity to this cell type, and there was no inhibition of cell proliferation. Interestingly, in the literature, there are reports of cytotoxicity of some species of a b www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Meliaceae that, when used at high doses (1 mg/mL), induced cell death by apoptosis at 24 and 48 h, while lower concentrations (10 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL) did not show a reduction in cell viability 39 as in the present study. The use of cell viability assays is always an effective way to determine biological toxicity when working with plant extracts, and MTT, in general, is the method of choice for in vitro evaluations to detect the harmful effects of natural products 40 in the most distinct cell types.…”

“…In the evaluation of the viability of OTE cells via the MTT test, it was shown that the extracts of both Meliaceae and their respective fractions at the dosage tested did not cause toxicity to this cell type, and there was no inhibition of cell proliferation. Interestingly, in the literature, there are reports of cytotoxicity of some species of Meliaceae that, when used at high doses (1 mg/mL), induced cell death by apoptosis at 24 and 48 h, while lower concentrations (10 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL) did not show a reduction in cell viability 39 as in the present study.…”

Selective anticancer effects of Serjania marginata Casar. extract in gastric cells are mediated by antioxidant response

“…30,31,33 The ACP02 cancer cell line has been widely used as a model for the study of gastric cancer. [34][35][36] The cytotoxicity of the SM leaf extract was determined using the colorimetric MTT assay, which measures enzyme activity, predominantly succinate dehydrogenase. 37 The cytotoxicity was probably related to SM pro-oxidant effects in ACP02 cells since it increased intracellular ROS levels after 24 h of treatment at 200 μgÁml À1the same treatment length used in the MTT assay.…”

The chromatographic constitution of andiroba oil and his healing effects, compared to the LLLT outcomes, in oral mucositis induced in golden Syrian hamsters: a new treatment option

“…Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl) is a plant that belongs to the Meliaceae family [30], and it will be found in Amazon region [31][32][33][34], southern Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru, Paraguay and the Caribbean Islands [35,36]. In Brazil, it's found in North (states of Acre, Amazonas, Amapá, Pará) region [37] and Northeast (Maranhão state) regions [38].…”