Androgen Receptor Distribution in the Testis

Suárez‐Quian, Carlos A.; Oke, B. O.; Vornberger, W.; Prins, Gail S.; Xiao, Shili; Musto, Neal A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2374-0_13

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As in the previous study, the intensity of AR staining of Sertoli cell nuclei appeared to be highest in those stages associated with spermiation, stage 3, although no quantitation was performed with the commercial antibody because of cost limitations. In general, we wish to emphasize that these observations also coincide with prior reports in the rat (11,13,16).…”

Section: Ar Immunoexpression In Normal Adult Human Testissupporting

confidence: 73%

“…First, AR immunostaining in the rat correlates with normal levels of androgens (11), and the AR concentration is 4 times greater in Sertoli cells treated with FSH and testosterone or dihydrotestosterone than in control cells (33). Second, Sertoli cells of neonate rodents, up to 1 week before the onset of puberty, are AR negative, and the AR immunoexpression increases gradually during prepubertal development (15)(16)(17). Third, AR gene transcript and receptor numbers increase (34) after treatment of Sertoli cells with FSH, and the number of FSH receptors in the rat testis also increases during development and maturation of Sertoli cells (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Androgen Receptor Expression in Sertoli Cells as a Function of Seminiferous Tubule Maturation in the Human Cryptorchid Testis1

Regadera

Martínez-García

González‐Peramato

et al. 2001

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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Androgen receptor (AR) immunohistochemistry was performed in an archival collection of adult human cryptorchid testes to determine whether AR cellular distribution and intensity of immunostaining were functions of the severity of cellular dysgenesis. The seminiferous tubule histology of cryptorchid testes collected from adults is marked by three specific patterns. 1) Seminiferous tubules are characterized as maintaining focal areas of germinal cell differentiation (albeit incomplete) that are interspersed with 2) tubules composed of Sertoli cells only, these latter cells being principally of the adult type, although dysgenetic and immature Sertoli cells may also be detected. 3) In contrast, there is a class of tubule that is characterized as being composed exclusively of Sertoli cells that are extremely dysgenetic in appearance. The majority of adult-type Sertoli cells found in the first types of tubules exhibited either robust or moderate AR staining intensity. Peritubular cells of these tubules also expressed a similar AR staining intensity. In contrast, in the more dysgenetic and immature type Sertoli cells found in the second type of tubules, the intensity of AR staining was significantly less, if not missing altogether. Finally, in the most dysgenetic tubules, Sertoli cell AR staining was never detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature that addresses the intensity of AR immunostaining in Sertoli cells of cryptorchid testes. The results presented herein are consistent with the interpretation that the intensity of AR staining in Sertoli cells diminishes as a function of the severity to which the cells are afflicted within a cryptorchid testis and that focal absence of AR expression in Sertoli cells correlates with a lack of local spermatogenesis in the tubules. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: [413][414][415][416][417][418][419][420][421] 2001)

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Section: Ar Immunoexpression In Normal Adult Human Testissupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen Receptor Expression in Sertoli Cells as a Function of Seminiferous Tubule Maturation in the Human Cryptorchid Testis1

Regadera

Martínez-García

González‐Peramato

et al. 2001

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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“…Immunohistochemical procedures were performed using the PG21 antibody. Its use as a valid immunological probe for the AR in a variety of species, including human and rat, has been previously established (Prins et al 1991;Suarez-Quian et al 1996). Immunocytochemistry was performed using the avidin-biotin (ABC) technique.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen receptor distribution in the rat prostate gland and seminal vesicles

Gur¹,

Timurkaan²

2016

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:To better understand the effect of androgen on the growth and function of accessory sex glands, it can be useful to determine the presence or absence of the androgen receptor (AR) in the individual cell types. Five adult intact male rats were sacrificed at 120 days. Their seminal vesicles and prostate glands were removed, fixed in Bouin's fixative and embedded in paraffin wax. The tissues were sectioned at 5 μm and stained using the microwave-stimulated antigen retrieval technique for immunohistochemistry. Positive immunohistochemical staining for the AR was evident in nuclei but not in the cytoplasm of gland cells such as luminal cells, basal cells, periacinar smooth muscle cells, other stromal cells, and smooth muscle cells in the tunica muscularis. The proportions of AR-positive and AR-negative basal cells were similar. The staining intensity of luminal cells was greater than basal cells and stromal cells. The numbers of AR-positive and AR-negative luminal cells in the prostate were almost equal. On the other hand, in the seminal vesicle only a small number of luminal cells were AR-negative. These observations can be interpreted to mean that the epithelium of the seminal vesicle is more sensitive to androgenic stimulation than the prostate epithelium.

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“…The site of androgen action within the testis is also not fully resolved. Whereas recent studies raised the intriguing possibility that some germ cells may exhibit immunoreactive androgen receptor (AR) (2-6), other reports point to testicular somatic cells as the exclusive androgen target cells in the testis (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Further, even the relative levels of immunoreactive AR protein in somatic cells are not known.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leydig cells in mice, for example, exhibit robust AR immunostaining, but Leydig cells in rats express only limited and infrequent AR immunoreactivity (4,5,14). AR staining in rodent Sertoli cells appears to be a function of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium (5,10), yet in the various nonhuman primates as well as in the human, there does not appear to be staining in Sertoli cells as a function of the cycle (11,13). Thus, it would appear that different immunopositive AR levels are expressed by AR-positive testicular cells types, and that relative immunopositive AR levels vary between species for the same type of cell.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen Receptor Distribution in Adult Human Testis1

Suárez‐Quian

Martínez-García

Nistal

et al. 1999

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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The distribution of the androgen receptor (AR) in archival human testes was determined immunocytochemically using an affinity-purified peptide-specific rabbit antibody, PG21, and employing a modified biotin-streptavidin-immunoperoxidase method that incorporated a biotin amplification step. In combination with microwave epitope retrieval, the biotin amplification step increased the sensitivity of the immunostaining assay approximately 20-fold. Thus, the useful range at which PG21 rendered a robust, specific immunostaining signal without also increasing nonspecific background was extended dramatically. Broadening the useful range of the PG21 antibody made it possible to resolve the relative amounts of immunopositive AR in different cell types of the human testis. At a high PG21 concentration, for example, all AR-positive cells exhibited a robust immunostaining intensity, but it was not possible to distinguish between nuclei exhibiting either high or moderate immunostaining intensities. In contrast, as the concentration of PG21 was decreased, distinct populations of testicular cells exhibited differential AR immunostaining intensities in their nuclei. AR immunostaining of Sertoli cell nuclei was present at low PG21 concentrations at which no immunostaining of peritubular myoid cells or Leydig cells could be detected. In turn, AR immunostaining of peritubular myoid cells was detected at PG21 concentrations that did not immunostain Leydig cells. Moreover, within the seminiferous epithelium, Sertoli cell nuclear AR staining intensity was less at stages V and VI of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium than that at stage III, and stage III staining intensity was greater than that at stages I and II. This AR immunostaining pattern in human Sertoli cell nuclei as a function of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium is reminiscent of the pattern observed in rodent species. Finally, no AR immunostaining of germ cells was observed at any of the PG21 concentrations examined.

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Androgen Receptor Distribution in the Testis

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Androgen Receptor Expression in Sertoli Cells as a Function of Seminiferous Tubule Maturation in the Human Cryptorchid Testis1

Androgen Receptor Expression in Sertoli Cells as a Function of Seminiferous Tubule Maturation in the Human Cryptorchid Testis1

Androgen receptor distribution in the rat prostate gland and seminal vesicles

Androgen Receptor Distribution in Adult Human Testis1

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