Androgen receptor expression in androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell lines

Chlenski, Alexandre; Nakashiro, Koh‐ichi; Ketels, Kathleen V.; Korovaitseva, G. I.; Oyasu, Ryoichi

doi:10.1002/pros.1048.abs

Cited by 19 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…The homozygous C>T H874Y SNP in the 22rv1 cell line, previously described by Bokhoven et al, was found in our analysis 13. Our analysis of CWR22 was also consistent with the literature, in that the homozygous C>T H874Y SNP was reported by Chlenski et al 5 Our analysis of the LnCAP cell line DNA (both ATCC extracted and extracted by our lab) revealed a homozygous A>G SNP (T877A) previously reported by Veldscholte et al 6 Finally, analysis of the MDA-PCa 2b cell line DNA confirmed the homozygous T>A (L701H) and homozygous A>G (T877A) SNPs previously published by Zhao et al 7…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As shown in Table 3, our analysis confirmed the presence of the homozygous L57Q SNP in the 22RV1 cell line and the homozygous H874Y SNP in the 22RV1 and CWR22 cell lines, as previously stated by Chlenski et al5 In addition, we confirmed the homozygous L701H SNP in MDA-PCa 2b cells and the homozygous T877A SNP in the LnCAP and MDA-PCa 2b cell lines 6, 7. The homozygous E211E SNP was found in the DU145 cell line, as previously reported by Lu et al8 The CAG-repeat and GGC-repeat sequences are highly variable11, 12 among cell lines, and we have included our results for the repeat count of each for the ten cell lines in Table 3.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Concomitantly, a number of these variations have been shown to lead to changes in the expression or function of the AR protein 5–8. In addition to the single base changes, there are two areas of tri-nucleotide repeats (CAG and GGC) in exon 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Androgen receptor sequence and variations in several common prostate cancer cell lines

Baum¹,

Ockers²,

English³

et al. 2010

Cancer Biology & Therapy

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The androgen receptor gene (AR) plays an important role in molecular signaling and regulation and the subsequent cellular growth of prostate cancer. In addition, it is a highly variable region of the genome. We used direct nucleotide sequencing to genotype the entire exogenous coding region of the androgen receptor in ten commonly used prostate cancer cell lines. Our analysis confirmed the presence or absence of several known SNPs in the cell lines studied. We also assayed the number of CAG-repeat and GGC-repeat sequences for each for the ten cell lines. Our analysis identified three new mutations, one each in the DU145, LnCAP, and RWPE-2 cell lines. In DU145, the DNA isolated in our lab was heterozygous at G527G (T>C transition), a polymorphism not previously reported. The LnCAP cells cultured in our lab were found to have a T>C transition (heterozygous), resulting in a S641P change that was not present in the ATCC cell line DNA. Lastly, a homozygous G>T transversion was found in RWPE-2 cells, resulting in the S187I change. This is potentially significant for use in cell culture and future cell model development.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Androgen receptor sequence and variations in several common prostate cancer cell lines

Baum¹,

Ockers²,

English³

et al. 2010

Cancer Biology & Therapy

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“…Previous work has shown high specificity of this antibody for the AR based on preabsorption of this antibody with the antigen, western blots, and other controls (Chlenski et al, 2001; McKinnell et al, 2001). We also recently published a paper with this antibody and in that report (Wu and Gore, 2009) along with the current one, specific nuclear labeling was detected only in those brain regions that express the AR (Simerly et al, 1990).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in androgen receptor, estrogen receptor alpha, and sexual behavior with aging and testosterone in male rats

Gore

2010

Hormones and Behavior

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Reproductive aging in males is characterized by a diminution in sexual behavior beginning in middle age. We investigated the relationships among testosterone, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) cell numbers in the hypothalamus, and their relationship to sexual performance in male rats. Young (3 months) and middle-aged (12 months) rats were given sexual behavior tests, then castrated and implanted with vehicle or testosterone capsules. Rats were tested again for sexual behavior. Numbers of AR and ERα immunoreactive cells were counted in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and the medial preoptic nucleus, and serum hormones were measured. Middle-aged intact rats had significant impairments of all sexual behavior measures compared to young males. After castration and testosterone implantation, sexual behaviors in middle-aged males were largely comparable to those in the young males. In the hypothalamus, AR cell density was significantly (5-fold) higher, and ERα cell density significantly (6-fold) lower, in testosterone- than vehicle-treated males, with no age differences. Thus, restoration of serum testosterone to comparable levels in young and middle-aged rats resulted in similar preoptic AR and ERα cell density concomitant with a reinstatement of most behaviors. These data suggest that age-related differences in sexual behavior cannot be due to absolute levels of testosterone, and further, the middle-aged brain retains the capacity to respond to exogenous testosterone with changes in hypothalamic AR and ERα expression. Our finding that testosterone replacement in aging males has profound effects on hypothalamic receptors and behavior has potential medical implications for the treatment of age-related hypogonadism in men.

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“…This antibody was developed against amino acids 299–315 of the human AR and has been validated extensively by preadsorption of the antibody with the antigen, western blotting, and other controls (Chlenski et al, 2001; McKinnell et al, 2001; Wu and Gore, 2009). In zebra finch brain tissue, no labeling was observed when the primary antibody was omitted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-localization of Sorting Nexin 2 and androgen receptor in the song system of juvenile zebra finches

Tang

Wade

2010

Brain Research

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Mechanisms regulating sexual differentiation of the zebra finch song system appear to include both genetic and hormonal factors. Sorting Nexin 2 (SNX2), which is involved in trafficking proteins between cellular membranes, and androgen receptor (AR) mRNA are both increased in song control nuclei of juvenile males compared to females. Here, in situ hybridization for SNX2 and immunohistochemistry for AR were used to evaluate these sexual dimorphisms in more detail. Estimates of the total number of HVC cells expressing SNX2 and AR, individually as well as together, were greater in 25-day-old males compared to females. The densities of these types of cells were generally also increased in males compared to females in HVC and Area X (or the equivalent portion of the medial striatum in females). On average, more than half of the AR+ cells co-expressed SNX2 in both brain regions. The potential, therefore, exists for both AR and SNX2 to be involved in masculinization of these two brain regions. One possibility is that they, either separately or in conjunction, enhance the action of trophic factors within the brain.

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Androgen receptor expression in androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell lines

Cited by 19 publications

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Androgen receptor sequence and variations in several common prostate cancer cell lines

Androgen receptor sequence and variations in several common prostate cancer cell lines

Changes in androgen receptor, estrogen receptor alpha, and sexual behavior with aging and testosterone in male rats

Co-localization of Sorting Nexin 2 and androgen receptor in the song system of juvenile zebra finches

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