Androgen replacement therapy in women

Cameron, Deborah R; Braunstein, Glenn D.

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.11.062

Cited by 66 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Some studies featured a high incidence of decreased libido in OC users (5)(6)(7). Different studies have shown that women taking OCs have a higher coital frequency than do women using other contraceptive methods and have an increase in the frequency and intensity of orgasm (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of l-norgestrel on the endothelium-dependent relaxation response of rabbit clitoral cavernous smooth muscles

Myung

Kim

Lee

et al. 2006

Fertility and Sterility

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of l-norgestrel on the endothelium-dependent relaxation response of rabbit clitoral cavernous smooth muscles

Myung

Kim

Lee

et al. 2006

Fertility and Sterility

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“…The clinical implications of androgen levels in brain function and mood of postmenopausal women have been more extensively studied in androgen insufficiency states, where a negative association with cognition, mood, motivation, and general sense of well-being has been found (106,107). It seems that androgens exhibit a promoting effect on behavior and mood, whereas in elderly women, free testosterone levels correlate inversely to symptoms of depression (108).…”

Section: Sequelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Hyperandrogenism after menopause

Markopoulos

Kassi

Alexandraki

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism is a state of relative or absolute androgen excess originating from either the adrenals and/or the ovaries, clinically manifested as the appearance and/or increase in terminal hair growth or the development of symptoms/signs of virilization. In either settings, physicians need to evaluate such patients and exclude the presence of the relatively rare but potentially life-threatening underlying tumorous causes, particularly adrenal androgen-secreting tumors. It has been suggested that the rapidity of onset along with severity of symptom and the degree of androgen excess followed by relevant imaging studies may suffice to identify the source of excessive androgen secretion. However, up to date, there is no consensus regarding specific clinical and hormonal indices and/or imaging modalities required for diagnostic certainty. This is particularly relevant as the aging population is increasing and more cases of postmenopausal women with clinical/biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism may become apparent. Furthermore, the long-term sequels of nontumorous hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women in respect to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality still remain unsettled. This review delineates the etiology and pathophysiology of relative and absolute androgen excess in postmenopausal women. Also, it attempts to unravel distinctive clinical features along with specific hormonal cut-off levels and/or appropriate imaging modalities for the facilitation of the differential diagnosis and the identification of potential long-term sequels.

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“…It has been suggested that to be effective, androgen levels must be increased above normal (Cameron and Braunstein 2004).…”

Section: Androgensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of androgens, progestins and tibolone in the treatment of menopausal symptoms: a review of the clinical evidence

Garefalakis

Hickey

2008

CIA

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Estrogen-containing hormone therapy (HT) is the most widely prescribed and wellestablished treatment for menopausal symptoms. High quality evidence confi rms that estrogen effectively treats hot fl ushes, night sweats and vaginal dryness. Progestins are combined with estrogen to prevent endometrial hyperplasia and are sometimes used alone for hot fl ushes, but are less effective than estrogen for this purpose. Data are confl icting regarding the role of androgens for improving libido and well-being. The synthetic steroid tibolone is widely used in Europe and Australasia and effectively treats hot fl ushes and vaginal dryness. Tibolone may improve libido more effectively than estrogen containing HT in some women. We summarize the data from studies addressing the effi cacy, benefi ts, and risks of androgens, progestins and tibolone in the treatment of menopausal symptoms.

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Androgen replacement therapy in women

Cited by 66 publications

References 97 publications

Effects of l-norgestrel on the endothelium-dependent relaxation response of rabbit clitoral cavernous smooth muscles

Effects of l-norgestrel on the endothelium-dependent relaxation response of rabbit clitoral cavernous smooth muscles

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Hyperandrogenism after menopause

Role of androgens, progestins and tibolone in the treatment of menopausal symptoms: a review of the clinical evidence

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