Andrographolide: A Review of Analytical Methods

Patil, Rashmi; Jain, Vandana

doi:10.1093/chromsci/bmaa091

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…ex Nees, can be used to treat cold, fever, sore throat, sore mouth and tongue (Jiang et al, 2013). In recent decades, with the increasing interest in the research of this phytomedicine, abundant of researches has proven that the intervention of modern novel technics to excavate the main effective components from it has become a hot spot (Patil & Jain, 2021; Stopponi et al, 2021). It has been reported that andrographolide (Figure 1), ((3E,4S)‐3‐[2‐[(1R,4aS,5R,6R,8aS)‐6‐hydroxy‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐5,8a‐dimethyl‐2‐methylidene‐3,4,4a,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐1H‐naphthalen‐1‐yl]ethylidene]‐4‐hydroxyoxolan‐2‐one; PubChem CID: 5318517, CAS No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Andrographolide: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches

Zeng

Wei

Zhou

et al. 2021

Phytotherapy Research

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Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees, a renowned herb medicine in China, is broadly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of cold and fever, sore throat, sore tongue, snake bite with its excellent functions of clearing heat and toxin, cooling blood and detumescence from times immemorial. Modern pharmacological research corroborates that andrographolide, the major ingredient in this traditional herb, is the fundamental material basis for its efficacy. As the main component of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees, andrographolide reveals numerous therapeutic actions, such as antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic and so on. However, there are scarcely systematic summaries on the specific mechanism of disease treatment and pharmacokinetics. Moreover, it is also found that it possesses easily ignored security issues in clinical application, such as nephrotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. Thereby it should be kept a lookout over in clinical. Besides, the relationship between the efficacy and security issues of andrographolide should be investigated and evaluated scientifically. In this review, special emphasis is given to andrographolide, a multifunctional natural terpenoids, including its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and pharmaceutical researches. A brief overview of its clinical trials is also presented. This review intends to systematically and comprehensively summarize the current researches of andrographolide, which is of great significance for the development of andrographolide clinical products. Noteworthy, those un‐cracked issues such as specific pharmacological mechanisms, security issues, as well as the bottleneck in clinical transformation, which detailed exploration and excavation are still not to be ignored before achieving integration into clinical practice. In addition, given that current extensive clinical data do not have sufficient rigor and documented details, more high‐quality investigations in this field are needed to validate the efficacy and/or safety of many herbal products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Andrographolide: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches

Zeng

Wei

Zhou

et al. 2021

Phytotherapy Research

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“…TM exerts its effect through different mechanisms compared to conventional antibiotics, which might be of clinical value in the treatment of infectious diseases associated with biofilms ( Ordonez et al, 2011 ; Borges et al, 2015 ). Andrographis paniculata , a highly abundant natural product and medicinal plant, is regarded as a “natural antibiotic” ( Patil and Jain, 2020 ). Pharmacological studies have shown that it possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antipyretic properties ( Patil and Jain, 2020 ) and it has been used to treat a variety of infectious diseases, such as furuncle, upper respiratory tract infection, and chronic pharyngitis caused by MRSA infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Andrographis paniculata , a highly abundant natural product and medicinal plant, is regarded as a “natural antibiotic” ( Patil and Jain, 2020 ). Pharmacological studies have shown that it possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antipyretic properties ( Patil and Jain, 2020 ) and it has been used to treat a variety of infectious diseases, such as furuncle, upper respiratory tract infection, and chronic pharyngitis caused by MRSA infection. The antibacterial activity is primarily attributed to andrographolide (AG), the active constituent of the herb ( Liew et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Andrographolide Sulfonate Is a Promising Treatment to Combat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Its Biofilms

et al. 2021

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a drug-resistant pathogen threatening human health and safety. Biofilms are an important cause of its drug resistance and pathogenicity. Inhibition and elimination of biofilms is an important strategy for the treatment of MRSA infection. Andrographolide sulfonate (AS) is an active component of the traditional herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata. This study aims to explore the inhibitory effect and corresponding mechanisms of AS on MRSA and its biofilms. Three doses of AS (6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/ml) were introduced to MRSA with biofilms. In vitro antibacterial testing and morphological observation were used to confirm the inhibitory effect of AS on MRSA with biofilms. Real-time PCR and metabonomics were used to explore the underlying mechanisms of the effect by studying the expression of biofilm-related genes and endogenous metabolites. AS displayed significant anti-MRSA activity, and its minimum inhibitory concentration was 50 μg/ml. Also, AS inhibited biofilms and improved biofilm permeability. The mechanisms are mediated by the inhibition of the expression of genes, such as quorum sensing system regulatory genes (agrD and sarA), microbial surface components–recognizing adhesion matrix genes (clfA and fnbB), intercellular adhesion genes (icaA, icaD, and PIA), and a gene related to cellular eDNA release (cidA), and the downregulation of five biofilm-related metabolites, including anthranilic acid, D-lactic acid, kynurenine, L-homocitrulline, and sebacic acid. This study provided valuable evidence for the activity of AS against MRSA and its biofilms and extended the methods to combat MRSA infection.

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“…On the other hand, the technique requires the compounds’ derivatization and their metabolites (Robards et al 1999 ). Moreover, the detection limit is influenced by the choice of detector employed (Patil and Jain 2021 ). In recent times, common detectors used to analyse target compounds include chemical ionization, flame ionization detector, electron impact, tandem mass spectrometry, and single quadrupole (Petrović and Barceló 2000 ; Clara et al 2007 ).…”

Section: Analysis Of Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental risks and toxicity of surfactants: overview of analysis, assessment, and remediation techniques

Badmus

Amusa

Oyehan

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

193

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This work comprehensively reviewed the toxicity and risks of various surfactants and their degraded products in the environmental matrices, various analytical procedures, and remediation methods for these surfactants. The findings revealed that the elevated concentration of surfactants and their degraded products disrupt microbial dynamics and their important biogeochemical processes, hinder plant-surviving processes and their ecological niche, and retard the human organic and systemic functionalities. The enormous adverse effects of surfactants on health and the environment necessitate the need to develop, select, and advance the various analytical and assessment techniques to achieve effective identification and quantification of several surfactants in different environmental matrices. Considering the presence of surfactants in trace concentration and environmental matrices, excellent analysis can only be achieved with appropriate extraction, purification, and preconcentration. Despite these pre-treatment procedures, the chromatographic technique is the preferred analytical technique considering its advancement and shortcomings of other techniques. In the literature, the choice or selection of remediation techniques for surfactants depends largely on eco-friendliness, cost-implications, energy requirements, regeneration potential, and generated sludge composition and volume. Hence, the applications of foam fractionation, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes, thermophilic aerobic membranes reactors, and advanced adsorbents are impressive in the clean-up of the surfactants in the environment. This article presents a compendium of knowledge on environmental toxicity and risks, analytical techniques, and remediation methods of surfactants as a guide for policymakers and researchers.

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Andrographolide: A Review of Analytical Methods

Cited by 25 publications

References 59 publications

Andrographolide: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches

Andrographolide: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches

Andrographolide Sulfonate Is a Promising Treatment to Combat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Its Biofilms

Environmental risks and toxicity of surfactants: overview of analysis, assessment, and remediation techniques

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