Andrographolide and analogues in cancer prevention

Abstract

Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal plant traditionally used for treatment of cough and cold, fever, laryngitis, and several infectious diseases. Extracts of A. paniculata have shown versatile potency against various diseases including cancer. The active biomolecules of A. paniculata mainly are lactone and diterpene. Andrographolide and analogues have been widely used for prevention of different diseases. Andrographolides have shown potent antiinflammatory and anticancer activities. It showed potentials as chemopreventive agents by suppressing growth of cancer cells by inhibiting NF-kappaB, PI3K/AKT and other kinase pathways and by inducing apoptosis. Andrographolide induced both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathway in different cancer cells via expression of different anti-apoptotic protein like Bax, p53, and activated caspases. Andrographolide was successfully used as an antineoplastic drug in cancer chemotherapy. Andrographolide inhibited the growth of human breast, prostate, and hepatoma tumors. Andrographolide and analogues need to be subjected to further clinical and biomedical studies in cancer chemoprevention. Andrographolide could be potent anticancer agent when used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.

Andrographolide Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis of Chondrosarcoma by Targeting TCF‐1/SOX9 Axis

“…Recently, natural products or small molecules such as berberine, curcumin, and resveratol have been shown to inhibit cell growth of several human cancers [Lee et al, ; Eo et al, ; Dai et al, ], thus are considered as promising therapeutics against cancers. Andro is such a natural product, which has been shown to possess anti‐cancers activities by the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of cell cycle arrest, and triggering of apoptosis in several human cancer cells [Preet et al, ; Mishra et al, ; Zhang and Qiu, ; Kishore et al, ]. In the present study, we demonstrated that Andro inhibits chondrosarcoma cell growth by induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest via the fine‐tuning of cell cycle regulators such as p21, p27, and Cyclins (Fig.…”

“…Andro has previously been reported to exhibit anti‐cancer activities [Mishra et al, ], we then determined whether Andro has an inhibitory effect on cell growth of chondrosarcoma. As shown in Figure A and B, Andro significantly inhibited SW 1353 cell growth in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner.…”

“…Andrographolide (Andro) is one of the major bioactive diterpenoid lactone molecule derived from Andrographis paniculata, a well‐known plant in Indian and Chinese traditional medical system [Kishore et al, ]. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that Andro possesses various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammation, anti‐viruses, and anti‐cancers effects [Lim et al, ; Mishra et al, ]. Specifically, the anti‐cancer effects of Andro can be attributed by arresting cell cycle at specific phase, inhibiting cell invasion and migration, and/or inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death [Cheung et al, ; Mir et al, ].…”

Andrographolide inhibits proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human melanoma cells

“…Andrographolide (Andro), the active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Andrographis paniculata, has been used primarily for analgesic (12). It has been proved that Andro possess various biological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-infection, immune system regulation, anti-cardiovascular disease, and anticancer effects (13)(14)(15). Previous studies have shown that Andro exhibited potential antitumor activity in various malignancies, including gastric cancer (16), chondrosarcoma (17) and colorectal cancer (18).…”

Andrographolide Attenuates LPS-Induced Cardiac Malfunctions Through Inhibition of IκB Phosphorylation and Apoptosis in Mice

“…Additional hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, antipyretic, antimalarial, and antithrombotic effects have also been reported, and Andrographis Paniculata has been used in antidotes for snake bites. Moreover, andrographolide (And), extracted and purified from Andrographis Paniculata, is currently prescribed for treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as laryngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer [11][12][13]. Recent studies have revealed that this herb also has cardiovascular effects [14][15][16], and And has been shown to protect hearts against ischemia/reperfusion [17].…”