Andrographolide induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and cell death in HepG2 cells via alteration of reactive oxygen species

A novel bioactivity of andrographolide fromAndrographis paniculataon cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury through induction of cerebral endothelial cell apoptosis

“…Previous studies have reported that cell cycle arrest may lead to cell apoptosis (King & Lidlowski, 1998). Andrographolide reportedly arrest cell cycle at the G0/G1 or G2/M phase (Li et al, 2007;Yan et al, 2012). Therefore, we speculate that andrographolide may arrest CEC cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and initiate CEC apoptosis, finally proceeding to the phase of late apoptosis (necrosis).…”

“…In addition, andrographolide also inhibited endothelial cell apoptosis through activation of the phosphatidylinositol3kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway (Chen et al, 2004), and blocked tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a-mediated intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression and NF-kB activation in a human endothelial cell line (Chao et al, 2011). On the contrary, andrographolide has pro-apoptotic activities in a variety of tumor cell lines (Li et al, 2007). Moreover, in a recent study, we also demonstrated that andrographolide could induce platelet apoptosis through the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, including caspase-8 activation and mitochondrial depolarization (Lien et al, 2012).…”

Andrographolide sensitizes cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via p53-mediated death receptor 4 up-regulation

“…JNK is readily activated by ROS (36) and separate reports showed that Andro triggers cellular accumulation of ROS as well as JNK activation (37,38). We thus examined whether ROS plays a role in Andro-induced JNK activation.…”

Pharmacological Aspects of Andrographis paniculata on Health and Its Major Diterpenoid Constituent Andrographolide

“…34) Moreover, induction of cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and a late apoptosis of the cells with the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and an intracellular increase of hydrogen peroxide but a decrease of superoxide radicals and reduction of glutathione have been reported as well. 35) The cytotoxic effect of andrographolide on HepG2 cells was suggested to be the primary attribute to the induction of cell cycle arrest via the alteration of cellular redox status. 35) In addition, andrographolide activated apoptosis in human cancer cell lines via activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 with the participation of mitochondria has been noted.…”

“…5) In Thailand, this plant was selected by the Ministry of Public Health as one of the medicinal plants to be included in "The National List of Essential Drugs A.D. 1999" (List of Herbal Medicinal Products). 6) Extensive research has revealed that Andrographis paniculata has a surprisingly broad range of pharmacological effects and some of them are extremely beneficial, such as antiinflammatory, [7][8][9][10][11] antidiarrhoeal, 12,13) antiviral, 14) anti-malarial, 15,16) hepatoprotective, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] cardiovascular, 30,31) anticancer, [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] and immunostimulatory [40][41][42][43][44] activities. On the other hand, male reproductive toxicity 45) and cytotoxicity 46) of this plant have been reported as well.…”