Anemia Among School Children in Ernakulam District, Kerala, India

Rakesh, P S; George, Leyanna Susan; Joy, Teena Mary; George, Sobha; Renjini, B A; Beena, K

doi:10.1007/s12288-018-1001-6

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Schoolchildren aged 11–15 years were at two times higher risk of being anemic compared to younger age group. This finding is consistent with previous studies conducted among children in different countries [ 41 – 46 ], which could be explained by the hyperactivity during this age together with high demand of micronutrient and limited consumption of a variety of food sources due to the household food insecurity [ 47 ], which can be reduced by school feeding [ 48 , 49 ]. The gender female was also an independent risk factor of anemia, which is in line with previous studies [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Intestinal schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Sana’a Governorate, Yemen: Prevalence, associated factors and its effect on nutritional status and anemia

et al. 2021

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Intestinal schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, causing morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. Despite the frequent implementation of mass drug administration with praziquantel, the reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni is still common in Yemen. In addition, there is a scarcity of information on the impact of S. mansoni on nutritional status and anemia among schoolchildren. The present study aimed to determine prevalence and risk factors of intestinal schistosomiasis and investigate its impact on nutritional status and anemia among schoolchildren in Sana’a Governorate, Yemen. It was conducted in 2018 on 445 schoolchildren aged 5–15 years. Biodata, socio-economic, demographic, behavioral and environmental data were collected using a standard questionnaire. S. mansoni was identified and quantified by microscopic examination of Kato-Katz fecal smear. Hemoglobin concentration and anthropometric measurements were estimated using standard methods. The prevalence of S. mansoni was higher in Al-Haimah Al-Dakheliah (33.9%) than Bani Mater (1.4%). Household without tap water (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.9, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.12, 7.55, P = 0.028) was the independent risk factor of the infection. The prevalence of wasting and stunting was 25.0% (95%CI: 21.2%, 29.2%) and 45.8% (95%CI: 41.2%, 50.5%), respectively. The prevalence of underweight among schoolchildren aged 5–10 years was 27.3% (95%CI: 21.9%, 33.4%). The prevalence of anemia was 31.7% (95%CI: 27.5%, 36.2%) with 0.5%, 21.1% and 10.1% being severe, moderate and mild anemia, respectively. S. mansoni (AOR = 4.1, 95%CI: 2.16, 7.84, P < 0.001) and early adolescence (AOR = 6.8, 95%CI: 4.26, 10.82, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of stunting among schoolchildren. The early adolescent schoolchildren (AOR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.86, 4.97, P < 0.001) and children from families with low (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.01, 4.15, P = 0.046) or moderate wealth (AOR = 2.3, 95%CI: 1.11, 4.77, P = 0.026) were significantly more wasted. Early adolescence (AOR = 1.8, 95%CI:1.14, 2.78, P = 0.011), female (AOR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.43, P = 0.038) and Al-Haimah Al-Dakheliah District (AOR = 3.4, 95%CI: 1.20, 9.55, P = 0.021) were independent risk factors for anemia. The study findings indicate highly focal prevalence of schistosomiasis in Sana’a Governorate with a public health significance that varies from low to high risk. Approximately half of schoolchildren were stunted, which was associated with S. mansoni infection and early adolescence. One quarter of schoolchildren were wasted with early adolescent schoolchildren and children from poor families being at high risk of wasting. Anemia was a moderate public health threat affecting the female and the early adolescent schoolchildren. The study suggests the implementation of control measures to combat schistosomiasis and integrated diseases control programmes to improve the health status of schoolchildren in Sana’a Governorate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Intestinal schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Sana’a Governorate, Yemen: Prevalence, associated factors and its effect on nutritional status and anemia

et al. 2021

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“…Similar results have been described by Rakesh et al in Kollam Kerala where 77.5% of female adolescents were anemic compared to 67% in males. 16 This difference was also seen in logistic regression analysis where female had an odds ratio of 1.740 (C.I -1.417-2.136) of being anemic. In a study in south west Ethiopia among school going adolescent girls the odds of anemia was 3.04 (1.41-6.57) among females compared to males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…18 But in a study conducted in Kollam, Kerala by Rakesh et al among 5-17 year old boys and girls the prevalence of anaemia was 72.3%. 16 Similarly Anagha et al in Kozhikode among 11-16 girls it was 75.57%. 23 But a study in Kottayam by Siva et al reported a very low prevalence of 21% among adolescent girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…But studies in Kerala have shown that male adolescent anemia is also unacceptably high as shown by Rakesh et al in Kollam district. 16 Factors associated with adolescent anemia especially the dietary factors show geographical differences to a good extent. Very few studies have been done in the area of adolescent anemia especially among both sexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescent anaemia its prevalence and determinants: a cross-sectional study from south Kerala, India

Soman

Areekal

Murali

et al. 2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Anaemia is currently one of the most common and intractable nutritional problems globally. During the period of adolescence, iron requirements increase dramatically in both boys and girls resulting in a higher probability of anaemia. The objective of the study was done to find out the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent boys and girls in Ambalapuzha Taluk and to assess the scholastic performance of the anaemic and non-anaemic in the study group. Methods: The setting was different schools of Ambalapuzha Taluk and the study was cross sectional in nature. Study subjects were children studying in 5th -10th standards selected from aided, unaided and government schools. The total sample size of the study was 2789 subjects. Statistical analysis: Data was entered in Microsoft excel and was analysed using SPSS 16.0 versionResults: The prevalence of anaemia in the whole population was 53.5% (C.I-51.64-55.34%). The anaemia prevalence in females was 62.0% (C.I -59.33-64.6) and in males was 46.1% (C.I -43.55-48.61). Out of the total population 0.4% were severely anaemic [male 0.3% (5) and female 0.5% (6)]. The prevalence of moderate anaemia was 3.4% [male 2.8% (41) and female 4.2% (54)] and that of mild anaemia was 49.7 [male 43% (640) and female 57.4% (746)]. The factors that were found to be significantly associated with adolescent anaemia were female gender (62% vs. 46.1%), being overweight (59.7% vs. 53.2), not taking WIFS regularly (56.5% vs. 51.8% and 28.6% among irregularly taking WIFS and regular takers) and children coming from families with monthly income less than INR 1000. Conclusions: On comparing the academic performance of anaemic and non-anaemic children it was found that the aggregate marks was significantly lower in the anaemic group (178.11 marks) compared to the non-anaemic group (217.63 marks) (p=0.001).

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“…Almost similar prevalence rates have been reported among children from different districts of Punjab such as Amritsar (Majha), Ludhiana, Moga, Faridkot and Patiala (Malwa) (Sidhu et al, 2007;Gupta et al, 2011;Bhatia, 2013;Kaur et al, 2015;Garg and Bhalla, 2016). Contrarily, several studies reported much lower prevalence of anemia among school children from other states of India and worldwide (NFHS-4, 2015-16;Birhanu et al, 2018;Cruz-Gongora et al, 2018;Rakesh et al, 2018;Tezera et al, 2018). Similarly, regional disparities in the prevalence of anemia were observed in China, Brazil, Ghana and in 107 countries worldwide (Luo et al, 2011;Horta et al, 2013;Stevens et al, 2013;USAID, 2014).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Anemiamentioning

confidence: 54%

Regional Disparity Analysis for Iron Status of School-Going Children from Punjab, India

Kaur¹,

Bains²,

Kaur³

2019

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Anemia Among School Children in Ernakulam District, Kerala, India

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Intestinal schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Sana’a Governorate, Yemen: Prevalence, associated factors and its effect on nutritional status and anemia

Intestinal schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Sana’a Governorate, Yemen: Prevalence, associated factors and its effect on nutritional status and anemia

Adolescent anaemia its prevalence and determinants: a cross-sectional study from south Kerala, India

Regional Disparity Analysis for Iron Status of School-Going Children from Punjab, India

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