Anemia Burden, Types and Associated Risk Factors among Kenyan Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Co-infected Injection Substance UsersAnemia Burden, Types and Associated Risk Factors among Kenyan Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 a

Abonyo, Collins; Shaviya, Nathan; Budambula, Valentine; Were, Tom

doi:10.4314/ejhs.v30i5.4

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Pulmonary TB is usually treated with isoniazid and rifampicin ( 28 ). Only 19 (25.3%, 4.5-9.6 CI) of 75 initial MTB diagnoses had MTB in this investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacterium Pulmonary Disease in HIV-1 Patients with Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Western Kenya

Ochayo,

Wamalwa,

Barasa

et al. 2023

Ethiop J Health Sci

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Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) are ubiquitous, free-living, environmental saprophytic microorganisms. NTMs belong to the genus Mycobacterium which includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). NTMs have lately been a major cause of pulmonary disease (PD) in immuno-compromised individuals including HIV-1 patients. NTMs and MTB appear similar based on microscopy, radiology, and clinical symptoms; consequently, this may lead to misdiagnosis. This study sought to establish the prevalence of NTM pulmonary disease in HIV-1 patients presumed to have pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical laboratory study design was used targeting 617 adult HIV-1 infected patients presenting with presumptive pulmonary TB at Bungoma County Hospital Comprehensive Care Clinic in Western Kenya between July 2021 to June 2022. Results: A total of 75 (12.2%, 4.6 -9.8 CI) of the participants presented with presumptive MTB and had TB-like symptoms while 542 (87.8%, 12.5 -30.7 CI) were negative. Additionally, 56 (9.1%) were infected with NTMs. HIV-positive participants had a significantly higher prevalence of NTMs 62 (11.8%, 5.6 -9.2 CI) compared to 2 (2.1%, 0.4 -1.8 CI). In HI 10 (13.3%) as well as M. kansasii 8 (10.7%). V + study participants P<0.0001. M. avium was the most prevalent NTM, 25(33.3%), followed by M. fortuitum 20 (26.7%). A significant number of the isolates were M. tuberculosis Conclusion: There seems to be a high prevalence of NTMPD in HIV-1 patients which is assumed to be pulmonary TB. Differential diagnosis of the mycobacterium species is necessary to help improve disease management and outcomes in this group of patients.

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“…Pulmonary TB is usually treated with isoniazid and rifampicin ( 28 ). Only 19 (25.3%, 4.5-9.6 CI) of 75 initial MTB diagnoses had MTB in this investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacterium Pulmonary Disease in HIV-1 Patients with Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Western Kenya

Ochayo,

Wamalwa,

Barasa

et al. 2023

Ethiop J Health Sci

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“…12 Several studies have reported variations in morphological types of anemia. In a study in Nigeria, Esan et al reported a normochromic normocytic type of anemia as a major type of anemia in HIV patients, 13 and in Kenya, microcytic hypochromic anemia was the commonest type of anemia, followed by normocytic hypochromic anemia, 14 while in another similar study in Kenya, hypochromic and normochromic anemia were the commonest. 15 In Tanzania, Makubi et al reported microcytic anemia as the most predominant morphological type of anemia, 16 while in Uganda, 17 microcytic hypochromic anemia was reported as the commonest type of anemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Anemia in HIV Patients Attending Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital: Prevalence, Morphological Classification, and Associated Factors

Kaudha,

Amanya,

Kakuru

et al. 2023

HIV

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Purpose To determine the prevalence of anemia, the morphological classification and to assess the factors associated with anemia among HIV patients attending Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) clinic at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among 340 participants attending the HAART clinic at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital. Participants were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. A complete blood count (CBC) was performed using the Sysmex XN-550 hematology analyzer. Thick films were made and examined for malaria parasites, while thin films were examined for the morphological classification of anemia. Bivariate and multivariate logistic analyses were conducted using SPSS (version 23). Results Out of the 340 study participants, 255 (75%) were females, and the median age was 39 years (range: 6–76 years). The overall prevalence of anemia among the study participants was 16.8% (95% CI 13.1–21.1). Normocytic normochromic anemia was the most prevalent form of anemia (47.4%). The logistic regression at multivariate analysis showed that age groups (18–27 years, p = 0.017; 28–37 years, p = 0.005; and ≥38 years, p = 0.009), divorced marital status (p = 0.024), the presence of chronic disease (p = 0.010), a family history of anemia (p = 0.007), and the presence of malaria in the past one month (p = 0.001), presence of opportunistic infection (OR = 58, p = 0.000), use of antihelminthic drug in the past 3 months (OR = 0.10, p = 0.003) and unsuppressed viral load (OR = 10.74, p = 0.000) had a significant association with anemia. Conclusion Anemia is prevalent in HIV/AIDS patients who receive treatment at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital. Age, marital status, the presence of chronic illnesses, a family history of anemia, experiencing malaria in the past 3 months, the presence of opportunistic infections, the use of antihelminthic drugs in the past 3 months, and an unsuppressed viral load were significantly associated with anemia.

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“…Further study also revealed that HIV Patients were older age, female sex, hepatitis C virus coinfection, higher virial load, 1c ART treatment, illicit drug and BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 were associated with low hemoglobin level; on the contrary BMI between 25 to < 30 kg/m 2 or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , smoker and alcohol addicted were associated with higher hemoglobin level overtime [ 26 ]. Other study indicated that, weight, CD4 cells < 350/mm 3 [ 27 ], tuberculosis co-infection, advanced WHO stage [ 28 ], other opportunistic infections, having poor adherence to ART, rural residence, and eating non-diversified foods were significantly associated with low hemoglobin level [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors for CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level with survival time to default for HIV positive adults under ART treatment at University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Muhie,

Tegegne

2023

BMC Res Notes

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Background HIV/AIDS is the most known powerful risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the world. The greatest biological markers in HIV patients are CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level, as they are independent predictors of survival of HIV patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the common socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral Predictor’s affecting the CD4 cell count, and hemoglobin level with survival time to default from ART treatment among HIV positive adults under ART treatment at university of Gondar comprehensive and specialized hospital, North-west Ethiopia. Method This study was conducted at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital by using a retrospective cohort follow up study design. The source of data in this study was secondary data obtained from patients chart. Bayesian joint models were employed to get wide-ranging information about HIV/AIDS progression. Result From a total of 403 HIV positive adults, about 44.2% were defaulted from therapy and the rest were actively followed ART treatment. The estimate of the association parameter for the current true value of CD4 cell count ($${\alpha }_{1}$$ α 1 ), and hemoglobin level ($${\alpha }_{2}$$ α 2 ), trend of CD4 cell count ($${\alpha }_{2}$$ α 2 ) and hemoglobin level ($${b}_{2}$$ b 2 ) is positive. Positive values indicating that the higher CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level is related with the higher time of defaulting from ART. Predictor’s hematocrit, weight, platelet cell count, lymphocyte count, sex, adherence, and WHO clinical stage were joint determinate risk factors affecting CD4 cell count, hemoglobin level and time to default at 5% level of significance. Conclusion Current study results revealed that hematocrit, weight, BMI, platelet cell count, lymphocyte count, sex (female), and good treatment adherence were significantly associated with higher CD4 cell count, hemoglobin level and time to default while having advanced WHO clinical stage-IV had significantly decreased CD4 cell, hemoglobin level, and time to default from treatment. Patients with HIV should be given special attention based on these important factors to improve their health and prolong their lives.

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Anemia Burden, Types and Associated Risk Factors among Kenyan Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Co-infected Injection Substance UsersAnemia Burden, Types and Associated Risk Factors among Kenyan Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 a

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Prevalence of Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacterium Pulmonary Disease in HIV-1 Patients with Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Western Kenya

Prevalence of Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacterium Pulmonary Disease in HIV-1 Patients with Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Western Kenya

Anemia in HIV Patients Attending Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital: Prevalence, Morphological Classification, and Associated Factors

Predictors for CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level with survival time to default for HIV positive adults under ART treatment at University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

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