Anemia during the Predialysis Period: A Key to Cardiac Damage in Renal Failure

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy in Children

“…Our success rate at 3 months of 83% is in the range around 80%, which is the median effectivity of ESWL treatment in childhood. Based on experimental animal data [4]and clinical data from a small group of children treated by ESWL [5]speculations concerning possible damages from ESWL on the growing kidney in the long term have recently been raised. In context with the damages from the treatment one must be aware that the calculi themselves are able to cause severe and persistent damages to the kidneys especially in childhood.…”

“…It is the first choice for the treatment of most urinary calculi [3]. Some speculations have been raised concerning possible damages from ESWL on the growing kidney in the long term [4, 5]. Most reports on the management of calculi in children focus on a relative short follow–up and there are great variations among the pediatric studies as to what age defines the pediatric population.…”

Uticaj korekcije anemije bolesnika sa hroničnom bubrežnom insuficijencijom na kardiovaskularni sistem

“…Podaci govore da bolesnici koji u predijaliznom periodu nisu primali eritropoetin u terapiji bubrežne anemije imaju veći rizik za nastanak HLK, infarkta i iznenadne smrti [20][21][22]. Niske vrijednosti hemoglobina su povezane sa promjenom strukture, funkcije srca i krvnih sudova, osobito u periodu prije hemodijalize [23][24]. Upotreba humanog rekombinovanog eritropetina, kao veoma uspješnog lijeka u liječenju bubrežne anemije kod bolesnika na hemodijalizi, a u novije vrijeme i u predijaliznom periodu u mnogome je poboljšala prognozu ovih bolesnika, posebno zbog regresije promjena na miokardu, a samim tim i uticaja na smanjenje kardiovaskularnog morbiditeta i mortaliteta [23,25,26].…”

Risks Associated with Under‐Transfusion

“…Cardiovascular disease accounts for over half of the deaths in these patients, a combination of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and sudden death, most likely arrhythmias 10 . Mortality in these patients varies with hematocrit -a 1 volume% decrease in hematocrit is associated with a 9% increase in mortality per year 11 .…”