Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Sedation of Small Mammals

Hawkins, Michelle G.; Pascoe, Peter J

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-48435-0.00037-x

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Deep anesthesia was obtained with inhalant anesthetic (sevoflurane) and the concentration was adjusted for surgical needs. Sterile 0.9% saline solution was intravenously administered (20 ml/h) during surgery [ 14 ]. The anesthesiologist carefully monitored the respiratory rate and heart rate during anesthesia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anastomosis between the facial nerve – ansa cervicalis and the facial nerve – hypoglossal nerve in rabbits: technical note for a practical use in peripheral facial palsy

Balaci,

Major,

Radu

et al. 2023

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports

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Background and aims. To emphasize the importance of laboratory dissections in perfecting surgical techniques. In this paper, we describe the technical details on rabbit dissection for practical applications. Methods. Four New Zealand rabbits were distributed into two groups and underwent anastomosis between the Facial Nerve and Ansa Cervicalis (group 1) and between the Facial Nerve and Hypoglossal Nerve (group 2). They were clinically and neurophysiologically evaluated after ten weeks. Electroneurography with skin electrodes were used to identify the motor activity of the involved muscles and nerves. Facial and ipsilateral tongue reinnervation was analyzed 40 weeks after anastomosis. Evoked electromyographic muscle tension was used to evaluate facial and tongue reinnervation. Results. Facial and ipsilateral tongue reinnervation was analyzed 40 weeks after anastomosis. Recorded evoked potentials showed improvement in facial reinnervation in all four rabbits. Rabbits undergoing FN-HN anastomosis still showed ipsilateral lingual paresis, based on EMG tests. The survival rate was 100%. Conclusions. The laboratory dissection plays a crucial role in training surgical specialists to achieve favorable patient outcomes. Both types of anastomosis can be used to achieve facial reinnervation; however, it is imperative to prevent ipsilateral lingual paralysis that may arise from using the hypoglossal nerve.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anastomosis between the facial nerve – ansa cervicalis and the facial nerve – hypoglossal nerve in rabbits: technical note for a practical use in peripheral facial palsy

Balaci,

Major,

Radu

et al. 2023

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports

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“…The IM route is commonly used in rabbits, although violent reactions are quite frequent following the painful stimulus caused by the injection, with the risk of musculoskeletal trauma and vertebral fractures. Furthermore, depending on the drugs used and due to the relatively large drug volume often required, muscle necrosis and discomfort may occur following injection [ 4 , 6 ]. The SC route, generally better tolerated by rabbits, presents some disadvantages in the absorption of drugs, especially when an α2-adrenoceptor agonist (α2-AA) is used, as absorption via the SC route may be slow or erratic due to the local vasoconstrictive effect of these drugs [ 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal Atomization of Ketamine, Medetomidine and Butorphanol in Pet Rabbits Using a Mucosal Atomization Device

Degerfeld

Serpieri

Bonaffini

et al. 2023

Animals

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A non-invasive method of drug delivery, intranasal atomization, has shown positive results in human medicine and in some animal species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of intranasal atomization, compared to intramuscular administration, of a mix of anesthetic drugs in pet rabbits. In total, 104 mixed-breed pet rabbits, undergoing various types of surgery, received a combination of ketamine, medetomidine, and butorphanol (20, 0.4, and 0.2 mg/kg) by intranasal atomization using a Mucosal Atomization Device (Group MAD) or intramuscular administration (Group IM). When required, isoflurane was dispensed through a face mask. At the end of the procedures, atipamezole was administered using the same routes in the respective Groups. There were no differences in time to loss of righting reflex between the groups, while differences were found for the need for isoflurane (higher in Group MAD) and recovery time, occurring earlier in Group MAD. The results suggest that intranasal atomization of a combination of ketamine, medetomidine, and butorphanol produces a lighter depth of anesthesia in pet rabbits, compared to intramuscular administration. Intranasal atomization can be performed to administer sedative and anesthetic drugs, avoiding the algic stimulus related to the intramuscular inoculation of drugs.

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“…Isoflurane, a routinely used inhalant anaesthetic, poses several challenges when employed for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in hamsters and other rodents, including prolonged induction times, 2 cardiopulmonary depression 3 and increased salivation and bronchosecretion, which can increase risk of aspiration 4 . This is especially problematic as intravenous catheterisation and endotracheal intubation are not routinely performed in hamsters due to the technical difficulty involved 5,6 . Delivering isoflurane via face mask also increases the exposure of waste gases to personnel 7,8 and limits access to the hamster's head, which is required for procedures involving the face, eyes or oral cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies regarding parenteral anaesthetic protocols in hamsters are sparse and limited to non‐clinical laboratory animal research 11–15 . Current protocol recommendations are therefore largely extrapolated from other rodent species and provide little information regarding their safety or anaesthetic effects in dwarf hamsters 5,6 . This extrapolation may pose significant risks to the hamster, as anaesthetic agents do not always carry the same effect across species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical experience using a combination of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, midazolam and hydromorphone for general anaesthesia in two winter white dwarf hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) undergoing surgical facial procedures

Sarvi

Eshar

2022

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 4-month-old, male winter white dwarf hamster and an adult, male winter white dwarf hamster of unknown age were presented for surgical procedures of the face. An injectable anaesthesia protocol with DKMH (dexmedetomidine 0.1 mg/kg, ketamine 20 mg/kg, midazolam 1 mg/kg and hydromorphone 0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously to anaesthetise each hamster. Anaesthesia was induced in less than 1 minute and a surgical plane of anaesthesia was maintained for the duration of the procedure for both hamsters. Postoperatively, flumazenil (0.1 mg/kg) and atipamezole (1 mg/kg) were administered subcutaneously and the hamsters recovered uneventfully without anaesthetic-related complications.

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Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Sedation of Small Mammals

Cited by 9 publications

References 96 publications

Anastomosis between the facial nerve – ansa cervicalis and the facial nerve – hypoglossal nerve in rabbits: technical note for a practical use in peripheral facial palsy

Anastomosis between the facial nerve – ansa cervicalis and the facial nerve – hypoglossal nerve in rabbits: technical note for a practical use in peripheral facial palsy

Intranasal Atomization of Ketamine, Medetomidine and Butorphanol in Pet Rabbits Using a Mucosal Atomization Device

Clinical experience using a combination of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, midazolam and hydromorphone for general anaesthesia in two winter white dwarf hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) undergoing surgical facial procedures

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