Anesthesia for Hysteroscopy

Acute pulmonary edema from unrecognized high irrigation pressure in hysteroscopy: a report of two cases

“…Increased distension pressure, a prolonged surgical procedure, open vascular channels on the endometrial surface due to ablation or resection of endometrium, myomas, or septa, uterine perforation, or cervical laceration all result in increased risk of fluid overload [8]. Maintaining equilibrium between women's intrauterine pressures and mean arterial pressures (MAPs) decreases the risk of absorption of uterine distension fluid into the vasculature and fluid overload [9].…”

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and venous air embolus as complications of operative hysteroscopy

“…1,2 Additionally, increased distention pressure, surgical resection of fibroids, length of the procedure, and a more vascular endothelium result in a greater risk of vascular absorption. 3 Initially, electrocautery instruments used for hysteroscopy required the use of nonionic solutions for the distention medium. Case reports have documented the absorption of dextrose, 4,5 glycine, 6 sterile water, 7 or Dextran-70, 8 with the above-named resulting complications.…”

Scotland, Europe and the English ‘Missing Link’

“…They enlisted in armies as far apart as Russia, Sweden, France and Spain. 34 However, despite the presence of several hundred Jacobite officers in eighteenth-century Europe following the failed Jacobite risings, the age of mass enlistment to non-British armies had all but ceased. True, a few independents still appeared in various armies motivated either by politics or money.…”

“…They in turn were employed by the merchants to take more refined goods back to the Scottish market. 43 The choices of destination were not random. Scottish pedlars, apprentices and merchants were attracted to locations where their countrymen had already settled or had some knowledge of favourable conditions awaiting them.…”