“…During the same time, patient safety organizations grew in number nationally and internationally. Increasingly more sophisticated anesthetic devices and adjunctive tools were created in this era [13,14]. With improvement in technology came improvements in safely administering anesthesia through creative advances in airway equipment (video laryngoscopy), ventilators (safety valves and flowmeters set to prevent delivery of a hypoxic mixture to the patient), infusion pumps, and regional/ neuraxial anesthetic kits [13,14].…”