Anesthesia's Effects on Plasma Glucose and Insulin and Cardiac Hexokinase at Similar Hemodynamics and Without Major Surgical Stress in Fed Rats

Zuurbier, Coert J.; Keijzers, Peter J M; Koeman, Anneke; Wezel, Harry B. van; Hollmann, Markus W.

doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000297299.91527.74

Cited by 115 publications

(120 citation statements)

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“…It has been previously demonstrated that isoflurane but not propofol (when in combination with opioids) induces hyperglycemia in fed rats, in part, because of the inhibition of insulin release from the pancreas (Zuurbier et al, 2008). However, in our study, a linear regression analysis between blood and brain [lac] clearly demonstrated that the two occurred independent of each other.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

The metabolomic profile during isoflurane anesthesia differs from propofol anesthesia in the live rodent brain

Makaryus

Lee

et al. 2011

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Development of noninvasive techniques to discover new biomarkers in the live brain is important to further understand the underlying metabolic pathways of significance for processes such as anesthesia-induced apoptosis and cognitive dysfunction observed in the undeveloped brain. We used in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and two different signal processing approaches to test the hypothesis that volatile (isoflurane) and intravenous (propofol) anesthetics at equipotent doses produce distinct metabolomic profiles in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of the live rodent. For both brain regions, prolonged isoflurane anesthesia was characterized by higher levels of lactate (Lac) and glutamate compared with long-lasting propofol. In contrast, propofol anesthesia was characterized by very low concentrations of Lac ([lac]) as well as glucose. Quantitative analysis revealed that the [lac] was fivefold higher with isoflurane compared with propofol anesthesia and independent of [lac] in blood. The metabolomic profiling further demonstrated that for both brain regions, Lac was the most important metabolite for the observed differences, suggesting activation of distinct metabolic pathways that may impact mechanisms of action, background cellular functions, and possible agent-specific neurotoxicity.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

The metabolomic profile during isoflurane anesthesia differs from propofol anesthesia in the live rodent brain

Makaryus

Lee

et al. 2011

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…2005; Zuurbier et al. 2008, 2014). Regarding the insulin responses, others have seen either no change or decreases after isoflurane administration (Zuurbier et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2005; Zuurbier et al. 2008, 2014), and in humans, isoflurane impairs glucose clearance and decreases insulin secretion during an IVGTT (Intravenous glucose tolerance test) (Tanaka et al. 2005); (4) pentobarbital does not result in increased BG, but increases insulin concentration (Johansen et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of anesthesia dramatically alters the oral glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in C57Bl/6 mice

2016

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Evaluation of the impact of anesthesia on oral glucose tolerance in mice. Anesthesia is often used when performing OGTT in mice to avoid the stress of gavage and blood sampling, although anesthesia may influence gastrointestinal motility, blood glucose, and plasma insulin dynamics. C57Bl/6 mice were anesthetized using the following commonly used regimens: (1) hypnorm/midazolam repetitive or single injection; (2) ketamine/xylazine; (3) isoflurane; (4) pentobarbital; and (5) A saline injected, nonanesthetized group. Oral glucose was administered at time 0 min and blood glucose measured in the time frame −15 to +150 min. Plasma insulin concentration was measured at time 0 and 20 min. All four anesthetic regimens resulted in impaired glucose tolerance compared to saline/no anesthesia. (1) hypnorm/midazolam increased insulin concentrations and caused an altered glucose tolerance; (2) ketamine/xylazine lowered insulin responses and resulted in severe hyperglycemia throughout the experiment; (3) isoflurane did not only alter the insulin secretion but also resulted in severe hyperglycemia; (4) pentobarbital resulted in both increased insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance. All four anesthetic regimens altered the oral glucose tolerance, and we conclude that anesthesia should not be used when performing metabolic studies in mice.

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“…[9][10][11][12] In addition, the intensity of electrical stimulation used clinically is lower than that utilised in previous studies. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the benefi cial effects of EA on insulin resistance are still unclear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Repeated Application of Low-Frequency Electroacupuncture Improves High-Fructose Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats

et al. 2011

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Background Insulin resistance is frequently present in obesity and during the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on high-fructose diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed HFD for 4 weeks and developed insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by clamp. The number of animals was seven, eight and seven in the control, HFD and HFD+EA groups, respectively. AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle were measured by Western blotting analysis (n=7 in each group). EA stimulation was carried out 12 times over 4 weeks at an intensity of 1-3 mA and a frequency of 2/15 Hz in a conscious state without restraint. Results There was no signifi cant difference in mean body weight and fasting blood glucose concentration between groups at the end of the experiment. The mean glucose infusion rate during the clamp was signifi cantly lower in the HFD group than in controls (p<0.05). There was no signifi cant difference in expression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle in the control and each group. Phosphorylated AMPKα (Thr 172 ) in skeletal muscle showed a signifi cant increase immediately after the fi nal EA stimulation when compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion Repeated application of EA is capable of improving diet-induced insulin resistance, probably through activation of AMPK signalling pathways in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that repeated application of EA may have benefi cial effects on diet-induced insulin resistance. INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that can lead to a wide range of complications, including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disorders, renal failure, blindness and gangrene. The prevalence of diabetes among adults (aged 20-79 years) in 2010 was estimated to be 6.4%, affecting 285 million adults, and will increase to 7.7% (439 million adults) by 2030. 1Insulin resistance is frequently present in obesity and during the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is generally defi ned as a reduction in the body's ability to clear a glucose load from circulation in response to insulin. Although there is controversy regarding the relative importance of insulin resistance and impaired β cell function in the pathogenesis of diabetes, some studies have proposed that loss of early insulin response to glucose and poor suppression of hepatic glucose output are primarily responsible for development of the disease.2 Pharmacological agents that reduce insulin resistance are clinically available, but they carry a potential risk of serious complications.3 4 In the last decade, increasing evidence has suggested that electroacupuncture (EA) may improve glucose metabolism by modifying insulin sensitivity.5 6 Studies have suggested that EA increases insulin secretion and/or enhances insulin sensitivity in diabetic and obese rodent models.5 7 However, the electrical stimulation int...

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Anesthesia's Effects on Plasma Glucose and Insulin and Cardiac Hexokinase at Similar Hemodynamics and Without Major Surgical Stress in Fed Rats

Cited by 115 publications

References 41 publications

The metabolomic profile during isoflurane anesthesia differs from propofol anesthesia in the live rodent brain

The metabolomic profile during isoflurane anesthesia differs from propofol anesthesia in the live rodent brain

Use of anesthesia dramatically alters the oral glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in C57Bl/6 mice

Repeated Application of Low-Frequency Electroacupuncture Improves High-Fructose Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats

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