Anesthetic considerations for musculoskeletal trauma

Mechanical Ventilation in the Trauma Patient

“…Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a result of the micro-embolism of fat and bone marrow from a patient's long bones [16]. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography performed on patients undergoing a long bone repair shows that most have some microembolization of fat and marrow [17]. This embolization can result in a varying degree of symptoms, including a significant acute inflammatory response [16,17].…”

“…Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography performed on patients undergoing a long bone repair shows that most have some microembolization of fat and marrow [17]. This embolization can result in a varying degree of symptoms, including a significant acute inflammatory response [16,17]. Most patients will not have a clinical impact.…”

“…These include testing for fat globules in the blood and urine, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated ESR. A chest X-ray will often show bilateral alveolar infiltrates [16,17].…”