“…Transesophageal echocardiography has an advantage in diagnosing acute intraoperative hemodynamic instability. Therefore, it can be used to evaluate aortic dissection-related cardiac complications, which can lead to, or aggravate, acute respiratory distress syndromes, such as aortic regurgitation, proximal coronary artery involvement, presence of pleural effusion, and compression of pulmonary artery [ 53 ]. TEE can also image lung and pleural diseases in critical illness patients, providing an estimate of pulmonary vascular and flow velocity.…”