Anesthetic effects of different volumes of lidocaine for spermatic cord block in cattle

Effect of Lignocaine and a Topical Vapocoolant Spray on Pain Response during Surgical Castration of Beef Calves

“…There are multiple methodological differences between the current study and these previous studies, including breed and age of cattle, castration method, timing and technique of lignocaine administration, volume of lignocaine administered and pain assessment outcomes (Table 1). This may explain the contrasting conclusions of these previous studies [17,28,32,33,34,35] and the current study regarding the efficacy of lignocaine for castration of cattle. As in some of these previous studies [17,33,35], in the current study, lignocaine was administered 5 min prior to castration.…”

“…This may explain the contrasting conclusions of these previous studies [17,28,32,33,34,35] and the current study regarding the efficacy of lignocaine for castration of cattle. As in some of these previous studies [17,33,35], in the current study, lignocaine was administered 5 min prior to castration. This is a more realistic representation of its application during routine husbandry procedures performed on cattle in a commercial setting where additional time associated with analgesic administration is impractical [2].…”

“…Efficacy of lignocaine (20 mg/mL) for post-operative pain relief following castration of cattle has been investigated in numerous studies with various findings [17,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]. However, there are fewer studies that have assessed the efficacy of lignocaine (20 mg/mL) specifically for intra-operative pain relief during castration of cattle [17,28,30,32,33,34,35] (Table 1). Of these studies, pain during castration has been assessed using electroencephalographic responses [33], ocular temperature responses [34], cardiovascular responses [33,34], testicle retraction responses [35] and behavioural responses [17,28,30,32] to the procedure.…”

“…However, there are fewer studies that have assessed the efficacy of lignocaine (20 mg/mL) specifically for intra-operative pain relief during castration of cattle [17,28,30,32,33,34,35] (Table 1). Of these studies, pain during castration has been assessed using electroencephalographic responses [33], ocular temperature responses [34], cardiovascular responses [33,34], testicle retraction responses [35] and behavioural responses [17,28,30,32] to the procedure. One of these studies showed no effect of caudal lignocaine epidural anaesthesia with epinephrine on measured responses to castration [30].…”

“…One of these studies showed no effect of caudal lignocaine epidural anaesthesia with epinephrine on measured responses to castration [30]. In all other studies, lignocaine ameliorated responses to castration [17,28,32,33,34,35]. There are multiple methodological differences between the current study and these previous studies, including breed and age of cattle, castration method, timing and technique of lignocaine administration, volume of lignocaine administered and pain assessment outcomes (Table 1).…”