Anfis-Based P300 Rhythm Detection Using Wavelet Feature Extraction on Blind Source Separated Eeg Signals

Affective, Natural Interaction Using EEG: Sensors, Application and Future Directions

“…Finally, a different approach is adopted when attention or the wink movement is detected. In this case the raw EEG provided by the sensor is processed in order to detect the P300 signal [1,21] or the signal caused by the winking [1]. The Neurosky sensor outputs, through its intuitive interface as well, attention and meditation in [2], attention level in [22], and relaxation and irritation in [14].…”

“…When it follows the right path the participant is assumed to be satisfied (positive), when it follows the wrong path the participant is assumed to be unsatisfied (negative) and while the participant is looking at the arrow (before the robot moves) a neutral state is assumed. Another example is [21] where the P300 signal responding to a visual stimulus is measured. In this case the subject is asked to press a button when the stimulus appears.…”

“…Visual stimuli can include displaying pleasant, neutral and unpleasant pictures from the International Affective Picture System [20], visuals in game-playing [13] or a robot's movement [3]. If the P300 signal is to be detected, examples of stimuli can be found in [21] where the subject is looking at a monitor where a ship appears intermittently or in [1] where the photo of each person in a mobile phone's addressbook flashes and when the photo of the person we want to call flashes the signal is detected. Furthermore, examples of interactive Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) used to induce different emotions are encountered in [4,8,11].…”

“…[3] makes use of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to determine the satisfaction level as categorical representation (satisfied, neutral, unsatisfied) and in [21] the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used to detect P300-rhythm.…”

“…Mu waves (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) Hz) are diminished with movement or an intent to move, or when others are observed performing actions. Beta waves (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) are associated with focus, concentration, high alertness, agitation and anxiety. Gamma waves (30-100 Hz) are associated with very high states of consciousness, focus and intellectual acuity, and have a strong presence during meditation.…”