Anger and anxiety responses to m-chlorophenylpiperazine in generalized anxiety disorder

Evidence for disturbed cortical signal processing and altered serotonergic neurotransmission in generalized anxiety disorder

“…This assumption is compatible with several lines of evidence from animal experiments and human studies relating anxiety behavior to an enhanced serotonergic activity (Barnes et al 1992;Briley et al 1990;Germine et al 1992). If the 5-HT system is part of the central regulating system (see above), which has been proposed to be closely related to the augmenting/ reducing phenomenon (Buchsbaum 1976;von Knorring et al 1978), the enhanced serotonergic activity in GAD may be seen as a compensatory or protective element for the organism.…”

“…Studies in humans also report evidence for 5-HT involvement in GAD. The nonspecific 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine led to increased anxiety and hostility in GAD (Germine et al 1992). Furthermore, a reduced platelet paroxetine binding was observed in GAD (Iny et al 1994).…”

The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) as a predictor of the response to escitalopram in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

“…Reduced platelet paroxetine binding was found in patients with GAD (Iny et al 1994). It was reported that mchlorophenylpiperazine, which is a 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonist, increased anxiety and hostility in patients with GAD (Germine et al 1992). It was also reported that several antidepressants, such as venlafaxine, duloxetine, paroxetine, and escitalopram, have proven therapeutic efficacy against GAD (Davidson 2009).…”

Animal models of the anxiogenic effects of ethanol withdrawal

“…An operant drug discrimination model of anxiety has been developed using mCPP, a 5-HT agonist known to produce anxiety in both humans [Germine et al, 1992;Seibyl et al, 1991] and nonhumans [De Vry et al, 1993]. Early work characterized the anxiogenic effects of mCPP in the elevated plus maze [Benjamin et al, 1990;Rezazadeh et al, 1993].…”