Anger concepts and anger reduction method in Theravada Buddhism.

Abstract

This article examines anger concepts and an anger reduction method found in Theravada Buddhist Sutta-pitaka scripture. The scripture defines anger, discusses its origin, anger-related behaviors and consequences, and suggests an anger reduction method that involves not responding to anger provocation, treating others with loving kindness, and neither seeking revenge nor using violent means. Buddhist anger concepts and the anger reduction method are supported by extensive social psychological research. Buddhist anger concepts increase our understanding of anger, provide a framework to advance psychological study of anger, and guide the development of a theory of anger, whereas Buddhist anger reduction method may be used to reduce harmful effects of anger. Future research on Buddhist anger concepts should focus on the relationships between loving kindness and anger reduction, and between anger and hatred, and on cross-cultural research. Buddhist anger reduction method may pave the way toward harmonious interpersonal, intergroup, and international relationships.

Religious and Spiritual Implications in Functional Anger

“…While the following study findings are not generalizable to all clients of a particular religious or spiritual orientation they may help to underscore how appropriate assessment can reveal intersectional components for a given presenting problem. Ariyabuddhiphongs (2014) found that Buddhist clients may view anger as a provoked response that is under the control of the individual. When these responses lead to negative thoughts, emotions, and behaviors a Buddhist client may perceive this as a spiritual imbalance that can foster hatred and other unwanted repercussions.…”

Técnicas para Manejo da Emoção de Raiva: Uma Revisão Sistemática

“…Não é raro que o sentimento fuja do controle e resulte em hostilidade, agressões e/ou comportamentos de risco (direção ofensiva, por exemplo). Reagindo à raiva e estando o indivíduo muitas vezes incapaz de refletir antes da ação, a expressão da emoção pode ocasionar consequências importantes (e às vezes irreversíveis) na vida de uma pessoa e daqueles ao seu redor (Ariyabuddhiphongs, 2014;Short, 2016). Ressalta-se, todavia, que a subutilização da raiva pode ser igualmente prejudicial (Lombardi-Rech & Giacomoni, 2020).…”