Anger, PTSD, and the nuclear family: A study of Cambodian refugees

Hinton, Devon E.; Rasmussen, Andrew; Nou, Leakhena; Pollack, Mark H.; Good, Mary‐Jo DelVecchio

doi:10.1016/s9999-9994(09)20429-6

Cited by 33 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…The PCL assesses how much each of the 17 DSM PTSD criteria (see Table 2) has bothered the person in the last month, assessed on a 1-5 Likert-type scale: 1 (not at all), 2 (a little bit), 3 (moderately), 4 (quite a bit), and 5 (extremely). The Cambodian version of the PCL has excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliability (r = .91 and .95, respectively; see D. E. Hinton et al 2009c). In the current study, we used a score of 34 as the cut-off for probable PTSD (McDonald and Calhoun 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD and Key Somatic Complaints and Cultural Syndromes among Rural Cambodians: The Results of a Needs Assessment Survey

Hinton

Eng

et al. 2012

Med Anthropol Q

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This article describes a culturally sensitive assessment tool for traumatized Cambodians, the Cambodian "Somatic Symptom and Syndrome Inventory" (SSI), and reports the outcome of a needs assessment conducted in rural Cambodia using the instrument. Villagers locally identified (N = 139) as still suffering the effects of the Pol Pot genocide were evaluated. All 139 had post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as assessed by the PTSD Checklist (PCL), and they had elevated SSI scores. The severity of the SSI items varied by level of PTSD severity, and several items--for example, dizziness, dizziness on standing, khyâl (a windlike substance) attacks, and "thinking a lot"--were extremely elevated in those participants with higher levels of PTSD. The SSI was more highly correlated to self-perceived health (Short Form Health Survey-3) and past trauma events (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire) than was the PCL. The study shows the SSI items to be a core aspect of the Cambodian trauma ontology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD and Key Somatic Complaints and Cultural Syndromes among Rural Cambodians: The Results of a Needs Assessment Survey

Hinton

Eng

et al. 2012

Med Anthropol Q

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“…However, among mothers with PTSD, reexperiencing the trauma was significantly associated with lower reflective functioning Attachment: Studies that focus on relations between PTSD and parent-child attachment elicit mixed results Physiological transmission: A biological basis has been shown to be a salient risk factor in the development of PTSD in offspring. Young children, even babies, show deregulation and distress in response to mild stressors Assessed trauma experiences only (n = 14) Assessed symptoms of depression only (n = 2) Assessed symptoms of dissociation only(n = 5) No correct measurement of PTSD (n = 1) Children (likely) experienced trauma (n = 23) Children were not minors (n = 4) Mean age children > 18 (n = 5) Case-study n = 1 Third generation n = 1 van Ee et al Hinton, Rasmussen, Nou, Pollack, & Good, 2009;Lauterbach et al, 2007;Leen-Feldner, Feldner, Bunaciu, & Blumenthal, 2011;Stover, Hall, McMahon, & Easton, 2012). A greater risk of physical and sexual child abuse was found among parents with PTSD (Jakupcevic & Ajdukovic, 2011;Leifer, Kilbane, Jacobsen, & Grossman, 2004).…”

Section: Impact On the Parent-child Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relational Patterns Between Caregivers With PTSD and Their Nonexposed Children

Kleber

Jongmans

2015

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

125

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The question as to whether or not children can be affected by the traumatization of their parents has been the topic of a long-standing debate. This article provides a critical review of 72 research studies on traumatized parents with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the parent-child interaction, and the impact on their nonexposed child (0-18 years). The evidence suggests that traumatization can cause parenting limitations, and these limitations can disrupt the development of the young child. From the studies reviewed several patterns emerged: Relational patterns of traumatized parents who are observed to be emotionally less available and who perceive their children more negatively than parents without symptoms of PTSD; relational patterns of children who at a young age are easily deregulated or distressed and at an older age are reported to face more difficulties in their psychosocial development than children of parents without symptoms of PTSD; and relational patterns that show remarkable similarities to relational patterns between depressed or anxious parents and their children. Mechanisms such as mentalization, attachment, physiological factors, and the cycle of abuse offer a valuable perspective to further our understanding of the relational patterns. This article builds on previous work by discussing the emerged patterns between traumatized parents and their nonexposed children from a relational and transactional perspective.

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“…The model demonstrates how the Cambodian trauma ontology often entails multiple dynamic processes in time that are initiated by episodes of TAL (Figure 1). (For other examples of episodes of dynamic, culturally shaped processes producing PTSD, see Hinton et al 2009bHinton et al , 2010 The current study explored the variables in the TAL-PTSD model (Figure 1) in various ways, from open-ended queries to assessment on Likert scales, and included frequency, correlation, odds ratio, factor, and mediational analyses (Figures 2-3, Tables 1-5). The results indicate that not assessing TAL among Cambodian refugees and other populations that have it as a salient illness category results in poor content validity for the trauma construct (on content validity, see Hinton and Lewis-Fernández 2011).…”

Section: Quantitative Analysis Of the Validity Of The Tal-ptsd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to-there is a sort of black box between TAL and the type of distress it causes, such as PTSD (what might be a called a "black box" error). 3 Based on our previous work on trauma-caused reactivity and the arousal-PTSD model, a review of the TAL literature, and our research on TAL among Cambodian refugees, we derived a model (see Figure 1) of how TAL gives rise to various psychopathological processes that generate distress, including PTSD (Hinton et al 2009b According to this model, TAL consists of rumination on one or more topics (the topic may range from past events to current events to future concerns), and this rumination may soon generate various types of psychopathological processes that worsen PTSD. 5,6 Initially, TAL may result in the following (see Figure 1):…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Thinking a Lot” Idiom of Distress and PTSD: An Examination of Their Relationship among Traumatized Cambodian Refugees Using the “Thinking a Lot” Questionnaire

2015

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"Thinking a lot" (TAL)—also referred to as "thinking too much"—is a key complaint in many cultural contexts, and the current article profiles this idiom of distress among Cambodian refugees. The article also proposes a general model of how TAL generates various types of distress that then cause PTSD-type psychopathology, a model we refer to as the TAL-PTSD model. As tested in this Cambodian refugee sample, the model is supported by the following: (1) the close connection of TAL to PTSD as shown by odds ratio (OR = 19.6), correlation (r = .86), and factor loading; and (2) the mediation of most of the effect of TAL on PTSD by TAL-caused somatic symptoms, catastrophic cognitions, trauma recall, insomnia, and irritability. The questionnaire used in the present study is provided and can be used to examine TAL in other cultural and global contexts to advance the study of this commonly encountered distress form.

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Anger, PTSD, and the nuclear family: A study of Cambodian refugees

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

PTSD and Key Somatic Complaints and Cultural Syndromes among Rural Cambodians: The Results of a Needs Assessment Survey

PTSD and Key Somatic Complaints and Cultural Syndromes among Rural Cambodians: The Results of a Needs Assessment Survey

Relational Patterns Between Caregivers With PTSD and Their Nonexposed Children

The “Thinking a Lot” Idiom of Distress and PTSD: An Examination of Their Relationship among Traumatized Cambodian Refugees Using the “Thinking a Lot” Questionnaire

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