Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphovascular Invasion: Prognostic Impact for Bladder Cancer Patients

Afonso, José António; Santos, Lúcio Lara; Longatto‐Filho, Adhemar

doi:10.5772/26676

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…[35] In the setting of UBC, angiogenesis has been extensively reported, with several studies, including large-scale approaches, indicating the independent prognostic value of high vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and BVD counts. [36][37][38][39][40] A number of clinical trials with anti-angiogenic agents are ongoing for UBC patients with NMI and MI disease. [41] Reports on lymphangiogenesis, although fewer in number, also point to a signifi cant role of lymphatic vessel formation in UBC spread.…”

Section: Tumor Neovascularizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overexpression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGFR-3, the key players of lymphangiogenesis, has been demonstrated in several studies, associating with high LVD counts and lymph node metastasis, also predicting poor prognosis. [40,[42][43][44][45] In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that VEGF-C/D blockade suppresses lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis, enhancing UBC chemosensitivity. [46,47] Therefore, there is no doubt that both blood and lymphatic vessels participate in the metastatic process.…”

Section: Tumor Neovascularizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urothelial bladder cancer progression: lessons learned from the bench

Afonso¹,

Freitas²,

Lobo³

et al. 2015

J Cancer Metastasis Treat

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Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) is an intricate malignancy with a variable natural history and clinical behavior. Despite developments in diagnosis/prognosis refi nement and treatment modalities, the recurrence rate is high, and progression from non-muscle to muscle invasive UBC commonly leads to metastasis. Moreover, patients with muscle-invasive or extra-vesical disease often fail the standard chemotherapy treatment, and overall survival rates are poor. Thus, UBC remains a challenge in the oncology fi eld, representing an ideal candidate for research on biomarkers that could identify patients at increased risk of recurrence, progression, and chemo-refractoriness. However, progress toward personalized medicine has been hampered by the unique genetic complexity of UBC. Recent genome-wide expression and sequencing studies have brought new insights into its molecular features, pathogenesis and clinical diversity, revealing a landscape where classical pathology is intersected by the novel and heterogeneous molecular groups. Hence, it seems plausible to postulate that only an integrated signature of prognostic/predictive biomarkers inherent in different cancer hallmarks will reach clinical validation. In this review, we have summarized ours and others' research into novel putative biomarkers of progression and chemoresistance that encompass several hallmarks of cancer: tumor neovascularization, invasion and metastasis, and energy metabolism reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment.

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Section: Tumor Neovascularizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tumor Neovascularizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urothelial bladder cancer progression: lessons learned from the bench

Afonso¹,

Freitas²,

Lobo³

et al. 2015

J Cancer Metastasis Treat

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…29 The overexpression of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic sel density (BVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD), and establishes the routes for blood vessel invasion (BVI) and associations between the occurrence of angiogenesis and BVI, lymphangiogenesis and LVI, and the risk of tumour recurrence, progression, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and death for distinct cancer patients. 29,30 Blocking the expression of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic growth factors in preclinical models has inhibited tumour growth and expansion of the tumour-associated vasculature, and reduced malignant spread. 31,32 Therefore, it is not surprising that novel anti-angiogenic/lymphangiogenic agents and combinations including chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as targeted inhibitors, are currently under clinical trial phase or have already obtained the approval from the Food and Drug Administration for treating cancer patients.…”

Section: Tumour Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving hallmarks in urothelial bladder cancer: unveiling potential biomarkers

Afonso

Freitas

Lobo

et al. 2015

Acta Urológica Portuguesa

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Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC), the most frequent type (90%) of bladder cancer and the second most common malignancy of the urogenital region, is a relatively well understood type of cancer, with numerous studies concerning pathogenetic pathways, natural history and bladder tumor biology being reported. Despite this, it continues to remain a the heterogeneity in the response to cisplatin-containing regimens. Although the formulae based on clinical staging and histopathological parameters are classically used as diagbiological features and clinical behaviour of the tumours. Understanding the pathobiology of the disease can add important information to these classical criteria, and contribute to accurately predict outcome and individualize therapy for UBC patients. In this line of investigation, we found that tumour angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, the process of invasion and metastasis and the energy metabolism reprogramming / tumour microenviaggressiveness and chemoresistance. We particularly highlight the roles of lymphovascular invasion, and of RKIP, CD147 and MCT1 immunoexpressions, as relevant prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers, and as promising areas of therapeutic intervention, eliciting for the development of additional studies that can validate and further explore these biomarkers.

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Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphovascular Invasion: Prognostic Impact for Bladder Cancer Patients

Cited by 2 publications

References 154 publications

Urothelial bladder cancer progression: lessons learned from the bench

Urothelial bladder cancer progression: lessons learned from the bench

Evolving hallmarks in urothelial bladder cancer: unveiling potential biomarkers

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