Angiogenic and Osteogenic Potential of Bone Repair Cells for Craniofacial Regeneration

Abstract

There has been increased interest in the therapeutic potential of bone marrow derived cells for tissue engineering applications. Bone repair cells (BRCs) represent a unique cell population generated via an ex vivo, closed-system, automated cell expansion process, to drive the propagation of highly osteogenic and angiogenic cells for bone engineering applications. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the in vitro osteogenic and angiogenic potential of BRCs, and (2) to evaluate the bone and vascular regenerative potential of BRCs in a craniofacial clinical application. BRCs were produced from bone marrow aspirates and their phenotypes and multipotent potential characterized. Flow cytometry demonstrated that BRCs were enriched for mesenchymal and vascular phenotypes. Alkaline phosphatase and von Kossa staining were performed to assess osteogenic differentiation, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression levels of bone specific factors. Angiogenic differentiation was determined through in vitro formation of tube-like structures and fluorescent labeling of endothelial cells. Finally, 6 weeks after BRC transplantation into a human jawbone defect, a biopsy of the regenerated site revealed highly vascularized, mineralized bone tissue formation. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the multilineage and clinical potential of BRCs for craniofacial regeneration.

Bone Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Challenges

“…For instance, MSCs, which may be isolated from bone marrow for osteoprogenitor cells, also have been shown to have the potential to differentiate toward an endothelial lineage. 288 Another attractive autologous source that may be used to isolate both osteo- and endothelial- progenitors is the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue, which is abundantly available, easy to harvest, and associated with minimal donor site morbidity. In addition, in comparison to bone marrow, it has a much higher frequency of clono-genic mesenchymal progenitors compared.…”

Stem Cell Therapy Remediates Reconstruction of the Craniofacial Skeleton After Radiation Therapy

“…These results demonstrate the strategic ability of BMSCs to help remediate a pathologic, nonhealing wound. BMSCs are currently being utilized in clinical trials for small bony defects in the craniofacial region, where they have shown to produce well-mineralized and well-vascularized jawbone regenerates [29]. Therefore, given institutional approval, there are no immediate regulatory impediments and ample precedent for the translation of this research into the operating suite.…”

Influence of dissolution products of a novel Ca-enriched silicate bioactive glass-ceramic on VEGF release from bone marrow stromal cells

“…Therefore, induction of vascularization is a crucial part of any successful bone regeneration strategy. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown the angiogenic potential of a number of bone substitute materials and their neovascularization capability [8,9]. Several growth factors play an important role in the process of angiogenesis, with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family being one of these, which is also secreted from different cell types, like fibroblasts, bone marrow stromal cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts [5,10].…”